Sentences with phrase «tropospheric climate»

Hood and his references show a very strong link between varying solar EUV / FUV and stratospheric influence on tropospheric climate.

Tropospheric climate changes will also alter planetary - scale waves.

So a lowering of the tropopause above the poles when the Sun is less active (as implied in the Andersson et al paper) squeezes the air in the tropospheric climate zones towards the equator.

Recent numerical simulations suggest the coupling between the stratospheric and tropospheric circulations has practical applications for weather forecasting and also implications for tropospheric climate change (see text on Climate Change, below).

Variations in Arctic stratospheric ozone can affect the tropospheric climate at middle - to - high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and all the way down to the tropics, according to researchers in China.

The connection does not come as a surprise — the depletion of stratospheric ozone in the Antarctic is already thought to influence the Southern Hemisphere tropospheric climate.

In the Northern Hemisphere, where the ozone depletion is smaller, there is no strong link between stratospheric ozone depletion and tropospheric climate.

Not exact matches

Spencer analyzed 90 climate models against surface temperature and satellite temperature data, and found that more than 95 percent of the models «have over-forecast the warming trend since 1979, whether we use their own surface temperature dataset (HadCRUT4), or our satellite dataset of lower tropospheric temperatures (UAH).»

No climate models were used in the process that revealed the tropospheric hotspot.

Ebi, K. L., and G. McGregor, 2008: Climate change, tropospheric ozone and particulate matter, and health impacts.

How can the atmospheric sciences community facilitate access to ozone metrics necessary for quantifying the impact of tropospheric ozone on human health, crop and ecosystem productivity and climate?

The research project StratoClim (Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions) is funded by the European Union.

The 1976 — 1977 climate shift occurred along with a phase shift of the PDO, and a concurrent change in the ocean (Section 3.6.3) that appears to contradict the Lindzen and Giannitsis (2002) assumption that the change was initiated by tropospheric forcing.

The figure below shows climate model outputs for lower tropospheric temperatures from 1880 to 2012, comparing natural - only and all - forcing runs.

However, satellite observations are notably cooler in the lower troposphere than predicted by climate models, and the research team in their paper acknowledge this, remarking: «One area of concern is that on average... simulations underestimate the observed lower stratospheric cooling and overestimate tropospheric warming... These differences must be due to some combination of errors in model forcings, model response errors, residual observational inhomogeneities, and an unusual manifestation of natural internal variability in the observations.»

Lindzen and Giannitsis (2002) pose the hypothesis that the rapid change in tropospheric (850 — 300 hPa) temperatures around 1976 triggered a delayed response in surface temperature that is best modelled with a climate sensitivity of less than 1 °C.

Christy and UAH's Dr. Richard McNider created a new index: the Tropospheric Transient Climate Response, which is based on the bulk atmosphere.

This doesn't relate to the discussion of sensitivity because the free tropospheric temperatures will rise in a warming climate, thus raising the initiation temperature for free convection.

So do all climate changes cause opposing trends in stratospheric and tropospheric temperatures?

Adding CO2 does not (at least not before the climate response, which is generally stratospheric cooling and surface and tropospheric warming for increasing greenhouse gases) decrease the radiation to space in the central portion of the band because at those wavelengths, CO2 is so opaque that much or most radiation to space is coming from the stratosphere, and adding CO2 increases the heights from which radiation is able to reach space, and the stratospheric temperatures generally increase with increasing height.

1) Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century.

In terms of the so - called «pause», it becomes more and more clear that the current cool phase of the PDO is largely responsible for this «pause», but looking at the continued rise in ocean heat content, and the nice job Cowtan & Way have done interpolated Arctic temperatures, we see that the «pause», may have reflected a slowdown in the rise of tropospheric temperatures, but the energy imbalance of the climate system continues quite strongly.

A discussion of the merging procedure can be found in: Mears, Schabel, Wentz, «A Reanalysis of the MSU Channel 2 Tropospheric Temperature Record» Journal of Climate, Volume 16, pg.

In some cases, reviewers and / or editors supportive of mainstream views totally block important papers from being published; McKitrick, McIntyre and Herman had to completely rewrite their recent paper — showing that high tropical tropospheric temperature trends for the last three decades produced by climate models are inconsistent with observations — as a study of applying statistical methods developed in econometrics, and submit it to a journal with a more open - minded editor, in order to get it published at all.

We felt that the term «widespread» well reflected the fact that we have detection and attribution results that show that recent warming is inconsistent with internal climate variability and other external influences alone in surface temperature (see Section 9.4.2), tropospheric temperature (see section 9.4.4.)

Recently I have been looking at the climate models collected in the CMIP3 archive which have been analysed and assessed in IPCC and it is very interesting to see how the forced changes — i.e. the changes driven the external factors such as greenhouse gases, tropospheric aerosols, solar forcing and stratospheric volcanic aerosols drive the forced response in the models (which you can see by averaging out several simulations of the same model with the same forcing)-- differ from the internal variability, such as associated with variations of the North Atlantic and the ENSO etc, which you can see by looking at individual realisations of a particular model and how it differs from the ensemble mean.

In 1959, professor Edward Ney proposed that if climate sensitivity were related to changes in density of tropospheric ions, it would indicate a solar climate link.

Another head of the hydra was a 2009 paper by John McLean, Chris de Freitas and Bob Carter published in JGR in the innoccuously titled «Influence of the Southern Oscillation on Tropospheric Temperature», the authors claimed that el nino drove essentially all variations to global temperature — a distinctly odd claim since almost nothing in climate science has been mroe closely studied than the relationship between el nino and global climate.

Reducing emissions of the short - lived climate forcers black carbon and tropospheric ozone — soot and smog — has been identified by scientists as the most effective strategy to slow Arctic warming and melting in the near term, forestalling potentially irreversible tipping points such as the melting, while the world works to reduce emissions of GHGs.

As it is, I don't care much for the overly large focus on near - surface tropospheric temperatures, as most of our weather and climate is going to be based on ocean dynamics and ocean heat content.

Here's a clue — a tendency toward a more frequent La Nina state, driven specifically by increasing GH gas concentrations (and similar to conditions in the mid-Pliocene), may provide some modulation of tropospheric temperature spikes, but that energy will be advected somewhere (the idea of homogenous dispersion throughout the ocean is absurd), and that somewhere is exactly where we are seeing the biggest changes in the climate right now — the Arctic.

While a global temperature metric for the near - surface tropospheric temperatures is awkward in that it does not account for changes in local climates, it is useful from the most important and broad perspective... as one more metric to indicate total energy flow in and out of the Earth system.

«An Emissions - Based View of Climate Forcing by Methane and Tropospheric Ozone.»

The iris hypothesis and the tropical upper tropospheric water vapor and cirrus cloud feedbacks, while arguably still open to debate, are not by any stretch of the imagination a major driver in global climate feedback.

(e) Take steps to address other sources of short - lived climate pollutants like black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone and hydrofluorocarbons, some of which contribute to air pollution.

This, by the way, underlays the entire misperception of alarm: the mistaken but implicit presumption that the S - B equation describes how the terrestrial climate responds to some added tropospheric forcing.

The myopic focus on sensible tropospheric heat is understandable from a historic perspective since it was the easiest measurement to make, but that legacy does not serve is well for actually understanding the full energy flow and content of the climate system.

Wang, I.S.A. Isaksen, T.K. Berntsen, J.K. Sundet, 2004: A global climate - chemistry model study of present - day tropospheric chemistry and radiative forcing from changes in tropospheric O3 since the preindustrial period, J. Geophys.

«These papers should lay to rest once and for all the claims by John Christy and other global warming skeptics that a disagreement between tropospheric and surface temperature trends means that there are problems with surface temperature records or with climate models,» said Alan Robock, a meteorologist at Rutgers University.

Ironically these are the effective ways of mitigating the broad range of human pressures on the climate system — sequestering carbon dioxide in the landscape, reducing methane, nitrous oxide, tropospheric ozone, black carbon and CFC emissions.

Your climate models in a word SUCK, and where is the famous upper tropospheric hot spot they all claim near the equator in response to more co2 / it's postive feedbacks.

For the tropical tropospheric temperature «anthropogenic signature», global climate model predictions since 1979/81 are already ~ 300 % to high over the satellite range.

I have read comments that the global climate models they use predict an upper tropospheric bump in temperature, but that this prediction has not been verified.

pg.5346 (pdf pg 11), Sherwood et al. (2008 October 15) Robust Tropospheric Warming Revealed by Iteratively Homogenized Radiosonde Data, Journal of Climate, Vol.

In addition to regional climate change being strongly affected by natural modes of variability, geographic differences in climate change are related to the uneven spatial distribution of aerosols and tropospheric ozone.

Figure 7: This comparison of tropospheric temperatures shows a divergence between climate models and observations.

I also forgot to add that getting some real feel for the actual energy imbalance going on in the Earth system seems a better approach to talking about climate sensitivity than focusing on what we've now all recgonized are some very fickle tropospheric temperatures.

The measure of «climate» sensitivity by looking at only tropospheric temperature sensitivity might need to be examined a bit, especially, if turned out to be the case (as some research seems to indicate) that CO2 at 400 ppm induces a permanent La Niña state in the Pacific, while still allowing for rapid warming in other parts of the ocean and climate system.

With the lower net ocean to atmosphere heat flux during this La Niña like condition, it means measuring the climate response to GH forcing based on tropospheric temperatures alone is a weaker and less accurate measurment tool.

ACCMIP will take advantage of these measurements by performing extensive evaluations of the models, especially as regards their simulations of tropospheric ozone and aerosols, both of which have substantial climate forcing that varies widely in space and time.