Sentences with phrase «tropospheric ozone changes»

For example, only 8 of 23 CMIP3 models included black carbon while less than half included future tropospheric ozone changes.

Zhang, Y, Cooper, OR, Gaudel, A, Thompson, AM, Nédélec, P, et al. 2016 Tropospheric ozone change from 1980 to 2010 dominated by equatorward redistribution of emissions.

Not exact matches

Ebi, K. L., and G. McGregor, 2008: Climate change, tropospheric ozone and particulate matter, and health impacts.

My main problem with that study is that the weather models don't use any forcings at all — no changes in ozone, CO2, volcanos, aerosols, solar etc. — and so while some of the effects of the forcings might be captured (since the weather models assimilate satellite data etc.), there is no reason to think that they get all of the signal — particularly for near surface effects (tropospheric ozone for instance).

1) Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century.

I don't think there are any significant optical property feedbacks in the stratosphere that don't require tropospheric + surface changes — except ozone...

Some of these forcings are well known and understood (such as the well - mixed greenhouse gases, or recent volcanic effects), while others have an uncertain magnitude (solar), and / or uncertain distributions in space and time (aerosols, tropospheric ozone etc.), or uncertain physics (land use change, aerosol indirect effects etc.).

Three different ozone databases provide regression fits to the ozone observations, and are available for use in model studies of the influence of ozone changes on stratospheric and tropospheric temperatures.

In addition to regional climate change being strongly affected by natural modes of variability, geographic differences in climate change are related to the uneven spatial distribution of aerosols and tropospheric ozone.

«We use 1280 years of control simulation, with constant preindustrial forcings including constant specified CO2, and a five - member ensemble of historical simulations from 1850 — 2005 including prescribed historical greenhouse gas concentrations, SO2 and other aerosol - precursor emissions, land use changes, solar irradiance changes, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes, and volcanic aerosol (ALL), following the recommended CMIP5 specifications.

Both black carbon and tropospheric ozone not only contribute to climate change, but also have negative effects on health, agricultural production and key ecosystems like forests and freshwater.

Several models also include effects of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes.

The change in total solar irradiance over recent 11 - year sunspot cycles amounts to < 0.1 %, but greater changes at ultraviolet wavelengths may have substantial impacts on stratospheric ozone concentrations, thereby altering both stratospheric and tropospheric circulation patterns... This model prediction is supported by paleoclimatic proxy reconstructions over the past millennium.

Ozone depletion in the late twentieth century was the primary driver of the observed poleward shift of the jet during summer, which has been linked to changes in tropospheric and surface temperatures, clouds and cloud radiative effects, and precipitation at both middle and low latitudes.

For tropospheric ozone (driven by the changes in NOx, VOC, OC and methane emissions, along with changes in climate conditions), there is a clear difference between the RCPs.

Changes in atmospheric circulation could have a major effect on tropospheric ozone.

While others have looked at how changes in climate and in carbon dioxide concentrations may affect vegetation, Reilly and colleagues added to that mix changes in tropospheric ozone.

Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone, conserving and restoring ecosystems and agricultural soils, limiting population by ensuring that everyone has access to safe water, sanitation, health and education and increasing R&D into energy systems — are simply some of the ways of making cost effective changes.

Fast action to reduce short - lived climate pollutants, such as black carbon, methane, hydrofluorocarbons and tropospheric ozone, is key to improving air quality and slowing the rate of climate change.

... The observed patterns of change over the past 50 years can not be explained by natural processes alone, nor by the effects of short - lived atmospheric constituents (such as aerosols and tropospheric ozone) alone.

Zonal mean atmospheric temperature change from 1890 to 1999 (°C per century) as simulated by the PCM model from (a) solar forcing, (b) volcanoes, (c) wellmixed greenhouse gases, (d) tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes, (e) direct sulphate aerosol forcing and (f) the sum of all forcings.

But to quantify the influences (or «forcings» in climate jargon) even further, they considered three anthropogenic forcings — well - mixed greenhouse gases, sulfate aerosols, and tropospheric and stratospheric ozone — as well as two natural forcings — changes in solar irradiance and volcanic aerosols — all of which are likely to influence tropopause height.»

The assessment re-affirmed that RF was a first - order metric for the global mean surface temperature response, but noted that it was inadequate for regional climate change, especially in view of the largely regional forcing from aerosols and tropospheric ozone (Sections 2.6, 2.8 and 10.2).

In terms of atmospheric chemistry, a strong consensus was reached for the first time that science could predict the changes in tropospheric ozone in response to scenarios for CH4 and the indirect greenhouse gases (CO, NOx, VOC) and that a quantitative GWP for CO could be reported.

Unger, N.B., D.T. Shindell, D.M. Koch, M. Amann, J. Cofala, and D.G. Streets, 2006: Influences of man - made emissions and climate changes on tropospheric ozone, methane and sulfate at 2030 from a broad range of possible futures.

Future climate change may cause either an increase or a decrease in background tropospheric ozone, due to the competing effects of higher water vapour and higher stratospheric input; increases in regional ozone pollution are expected due to higher temperatures and weaker circulation.

Shindell, D., G. Faluvegi, A. Lacis, J. Hansen, R. Ruedy, and E. Aguilar, 2006: Role of tropospheric ozone increases in 20th century climate change.

In contrast, predictions made by the chemistry - climate models indicate that, as a consequence of ozone recovery — a factor largely ignored by IPCC models — the tropospheric winds in the Southern Hemisphere may actually decelerate in the high latitudes and move toward the equator, potentially reversing the direction of climate change in that hemisphere.

The Ozone and Water Vapor Group conducts research on the nature and causes of the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and the role of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone and water vapor in forcing climate change and in modifying the chemical cleansing capacity of the atmospOzone and Water Vapor Group conducts research on the nature and causes of the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and the role of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone and water vapor in forcing climate change and in modifying the chemical cleansing capacity of the atmospozone layer and the role of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone and water vapor in forcing climate change and in modifying the chemical cleansing capacity of the atmospozone and water vapor in forcing climate change and in modifying the chemical cleansing capacity of the atmosphere.

Methane enhances its own lifetime through changes in the OH concentration: it leads to changes in tropospheric ozone, enhances stratospheric water vapour levels, and produces CO2.

Impacts on tropospheric ozone, CH4 (through changes in OH) and CO2 have been considered, using either an «anthropogenic» emission distribution or a «natural» emission distribution depending on the main sources for each gas.