If the Earth rotated much slower, the Hadley cell would extend to the poles and free
tropospheric temperature gradients would be much harder to sustain everywhere.
However, the surface cooling from ice melt increases surface and lower
tropospheric temperature gradients, and in stark contrast to the case without ice melt, there is a large increase in midlatitude eddy energy throughout the midlatitude troposphere.
However, the surface cooling from ice melt increases surface and lower
tropospheric temperature gradients, and in stark contrast to the case without ice melt, there is a large increase of mid-latitude eddy energy throughout the midlatitude troposphere.
Second is more obscure, but important is that they don't accept any alternate that doesn't produce the observed
tropospheric temperature gradient.
«Suppose, for example, that the surface temperature and
the tropospheric temperature gradient are given and that the temperature of the stratosphere varies.
Not exact matches
In addition, both internal variability and aerosol forcing are likely to affect tropical storms in large part though changes in ocean
temperature gradients (thereby changing ITCZ position and vertical shear), while greenhouse gases likely exert their influence by more uniformly changing ocean and
tropospheric temperatures, so the physics of the problem may suggest this decomposition as more natural as well.
Ocean surface cooling, in the North Atlantic as well as the Southern Ocean, increases
tropospheric horizontal
temperature gradients, eddy kinetic energy and baroclinicity, which drive more powerful storms.
And you do realize that there's mixing of air in the troposphere, right, resulting in a muted horizontal
gradient for
tropospheric temperature?
Further bias reductions could be achieved by addressing processes that lead to an underestimation of lower
tropospheric meridional
temperature gradients.
back to the horizontal
gradient, if the upper
tropospheric thermal wind shear increase is greater than the decrease of the lower layer, then maybe the overall baroclinic instability would be stronger — but currently the upper level eddy circulations do not transport much heat poleward, so would the structure of cyclones change so that a deeper layer of air is involved in the thermal advection, compensating for a weaker
temperature gradient?