In the SAR, a crude distinction was made between the effect of upper - tropospheric and lower - tropospheric water vapour, and it was implied that lower -
tropospheric water vapour feedback was a straightforward consequence of the Clausius - Clapeyron relation.
Tropospheric water vapour plays an important role in regulating the energy balance of the surface and TOA, provides a key
feedback mechanism and is essential to the formation of clouds and precipitation.
Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate
feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of
feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the
water vapour and lapse rate
feedbacks, the response of upper -
tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud
feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo
feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice
feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.