Sentences with phrase «tubulin polyglycylation»

GAD, myelin basic protein, asialoganglioside, alpha and beta tubulin, cerebellar, synapsin: Neurological autoimmunity

Unfortunately, in neurons exposed to toxicants such as the mercury in thimerosal, the structural building blocks of the axon (molecules called tubulin) are disassembled, causing the axon to disintegrate.

α - tubulin was used as a loading control.

This work examines how the carboxy - terminal tail domain of β - tubulin governs microtubule dynamic instability and the structure of plus ends using complementary in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Cultures were fed daily prior to fixing and staining for β - III tubulin.

389/12: 00 WD - repeat 47 is essential for the normal brain development through interaction with SCG10 in tubulin - associated processes.

After 4 weeks of differentiation, the majority of the cells (> 60 %) expressed the postmitotic neuronal marker β - III tubulin with a subset (about 50 % of total neurons) additionally expressing TH, a marker for midbrain dopaminergic neurons (Fig. 3A — D).

SCZD hiPSC neurons express βIII - tubulin (red) and the dendritic marker MAP2AB (green).

(A — D) Expression of β - III tubulin (A, red) and TH (B, green) in NSCs that had been differentiated for 4 weeks (C = nuclei, blue, D = merge).

Neuronal outgrowths in 24 - well tissue culture dishes were fixed, permeabilized and blocked as above prior to staining with anti-β-III tubulin, 1 ∶ 200 (Chemicon mab1637 followed by secondary labeling with AF488 goat anti-mouse IgG1 (A21121, Invitrogen).

The following primary antibodies were used: Oct - 4 (19857 Abcam) 1 ∶ 1000; β - III tubulin clone SDL.3 D10 (T8660 Sigma) 1 ∶ 500; Nestin (611658 BD Transduction laboratories) 1 ∶ 500 and TH (P40101 Pel - Freez) 1 ∶ 500, and as secondary antibodies: Alexa Fluor 594 Goat Anti-Mouse, Alexa Fluor 488 Goat Anti-Rabbit, Alexa Fluor 594 Goat Anti-Rabbit.

F, Representative BDNF and α - tubulin blots for each group.

Acknowledgments: We thank A. Miyawaki for kikGR, R. Renkawitz - Pohl for the antibody against β - tubulin; P. McCrea for the antibody against β - catenin, A. Altenburger for brachiopod data; S. Kaul - Strehlow, G. Mayer, M. V. Sørensen, and K. Worsaae for insightful discussions; I. Haußer - Siller at the Electron Microscopy Core Facility (EMCF)(BioQuant, Heidelberg University); and the EMBL EMCF.

C, Representative BDNF and α - tubulin blots.

After scanning, the membranes were stripped and reprobed for α - tubulin using a mouse monoclonal antibody (Sigma - Aldrich).

E — G, In contrast, exercise increased hippocampal BDNF levels across all three genotypes (E, ANOVA effect of exercise, p = 0.035), with no change in α - tubulin as a loading control (F).

Now Roll - Mecak is applying her mathematical mind to cell biology in an effort to crack the tubulin code.

The image shows a midbody purified from HeLa cells synchronized in cytokinesis that has been fixed and immuno - stained to detect tubulin (shown in red) and Citron kinase (shown in green).

G, Representative BDNF and α - tubulin blots.

Stained for DNA with DAPI (Blue), the nuclear envelope with LaminB1 (Green) and the centrosome marker γ - tubulin (Red).

(D) Immunoblots were performed on whole - cell lysates (pSTAT5, STAT5, and tubulin) or conditioned medium (MMP1, IL - 6, and TNC).

The «tubulin code» or «multi-tubulin» hypothesis is several decades old, but experimental proof for it is just now starting to emerge.

Other tissues are stained with anti-acetylated tubulin (coloured green).

Expression levels of phosphacan (320 — 340 kDa band) NG2 (270 — 300 kDa band) and Olig2 (32 kDa band), respectively, were normalized for each sample to β - tubulin (52 kDa) expression.

In filamentous cells of the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the tubulin homolog FtsZ (tagged with CFP) forms dot - like and spiral structures in two distinct populations.

Keiran's image shows the morphology of the neuron as visualised by staining with an antibody against bIII - tubulin (blue).

Inclusion Criteria: • Availability of tumor tissue for mesothelin expression testing • Histologically - confirmed, mesothelin - expressing metastatic or advanced non-metastatic disease (tumour type specific inclusion criteria) • At least one measurable lesion according to either Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 or International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) modified RECIST 1.1 as applicable • Adequate bone marrow, liver, renal and coagulation function • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50 % of the lower limit of normal (LLN) according to local institutional ranges • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0 or 1 Exclusion Criteria: • More than one prior anti - tubulin / microtubule agent • Corneal epitheliopathy or any eye disorder that may predispose the patients to this condition • Symptomatic Central nervous system (CNS) metastases and / or carcinomatous meningitis • Contraindication to both CT and MRI contrast agents • Active hepatitis B or C infection • Pregnant or breast - feeding patients • Tumor type specific exclusion criteria

We will use as an example the quantification of tubulin polyglycylation in wild - type testes and in Bug22 mutant testes, which present defects in the deposition of this posttranslational modification.

The labelling is for acetylated tubulin in red (identifying all axons), and green for the cell permeable dye calcein, which is only applied on the axonal side of the chambers (top half) and allows the identification of those neuronal cell bodies (bottom half) that have extended axons to the other side of the microfluidic device.

Antibodies used for Western blotting included cleaved caspase - 3, phosphorylated CrkL (Y207), phosphorylated Akt (Ser473), Akt, TAZ, YAP1, phosphorylated STAT5 (Tyr694), STAT5, and ERBB2 from Cell Signaling; β - tubulin and actin from Sigma - Aldrich; ABL2 (9H5) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; ABL1 (8E9) from BD Biosciences; IL - 6, TNC, and phosphorylated YAP1 (Tyr357) from Abcam; and MMP1 from Calbiochem.

Tubulin proteins form hollow tubes inside cells called microtubules that provide cytoskeletal structure and also act as a highway system for cellular traffic.

After blocking overnight at 4 ° in 5 % non-fat dry milk in PBS / 0.1 % Tween - 20, blots were probed with the appropriate primary antibody for Keap1 (Cell Signaling), Nrf2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or β - Tubulin (Sigma Aldrich).

(E) Immunoblots were performed on whole - cell lysates (pSTAT5, STAT5, and tubulin) or conditioned medium (MMP1, IL - 6, and TNC) of parental 1833 and SCP28 cells.

Tubulin expression may vary according to resistance to antimicrobial and antimitotic drugs.

Another post-translational modification of detyrosinated alpha tubulin is C - terminal polyglutamylation which is characteristic for microtubules in neuronal cells and the mitotic spindle.

The cells were then incubated with the antibody ab16056 at 1µg / ml and ab7291 (Mouse monoclonal [DM1A] to alpha Tubulin - Loading Control) at 1/1000 dilution overnight at +4 °C.

The cells were then incubated with ab7291 at a working concentration of 0.5 μg / ml and ab190573, Rabbit monoclonal [EP1332Y] to alpha Tubulin (Alexa Fluor ® 647, shown in red) at 1/250 overnight at +4 °C, followed by a further incubation at room temperature for 1h with an anti-mouse AlexaFluor ® 488 (ab150117) at 2 μg / ml (shown in green).

Tubulin itself is a globular protein which consists of two polypeptides (alpha and beta tubulin).

Ab7291 staining alpha tubulin in human breast cancer cell line by ICC / IF (Immunocytochemistry / Immunofluorescence).

ab7291 staining alpha - Tubulin in Caco - 2 cells.

Alpha tubulin is not suitable as a loading control in adipose tissue as expression of tubulin in adipose tissue is very low (Spiegelman and Farmer, Cell, 1982, 29 (1): 53 - 60, «in cells undergoing adipose differentiation actin synthesis decreases by 90 %»).

Immunohistochemistry of paraffin - embedded human brain tissue slide using 66240 -1-Ig (beta Tubulin antibody at dilution of 1:400 (under 10x lens)

Immunocytochemistry / Immunofluorescence - Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A]- Loading Control (ab7291)

Detyrosinated alpha tubulin is referred to as Glu - tubulin.

Immunohistochemistry of paraffin - embedded human breast cancer tissue slide using 66240 -1-Ig (beta Tubulin antibody at dilution of 1:400 (under 10x lens)

Importantly, the composite genomes of Asgard archaea encode homologs of actin genes, actin - binding proteins, multiple ESCRT complex homologues, and tubulin.

Alpha tubulin (red) was detected using the mouse monoclonal (ab7291) antibody.

In cerebellar cultures from neonatal rats at postnatal day 1 (P1), approximately 90 % of the total cells were small neurons stained by anti-Tuj1 (neuron specific β3 - tubulin).

It does not inhibit polymerisation or depolymerisation of platelet tubulin in vitro.

ab7291 staining alpha Tubulin in SV40LT - SMC cells.