Sentences with phrase «tumor cell resistance»

Acquired tumor cell resistance to sunitinib causes resistance in a HT - 29 human colon cancer xenograft mouse model without affecting sunitinib biodistribution or the tumor microvasculature

The ClonTracer library has been distributed all over the world and was recently used in a study focusing on tumor cell resistance to EGFR inhibitor (Hata et al., 2016).

Not exact matches

To uncover how this resistance occurs, Guo and Lu teamed with Xu, Herlyn and colleagues examined both cell lines and tumor biopsies from melanoma patients before and after either BRAF inhibitor therapy or BRAF / MEK inhibitor combination therapy.

The ability for cancer cells to develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs — known as multi-drug resistance — remains a leading cause for tumor recurrence and cancer metastasis, but recent findings offer hope that oncologists could one day direct cancer cells to «turn off» their resistance capabilities.

The activity of four transcription factors — proteins that regulate the expression of other genes — appears to distinguish the small proportion of glioblastoma cells responsible for the aggressiveness and treatment resistance of the deadly brain tumor.

Although proteasome inhibitors are very efficient in selective killing of cancer tumor cells grown in a dish (in - vitro), their success in the clinic has largely been undermined by the development of resistance — mechanisms of which are poorly understood.

Analyzing data from thousands of cancer lines and tumors, the researchers found that those demonstrating resistance to proteasome inhibitor drugs were marked by suppressed expression of one or more of the cells» proteasome cap subunits (which are a subsets of the larger proteasome).

According to this theory, tumor cells tend to «forget» the tissue from which they originated as the disease progresses, acquiring an undifferentiated phenotype associated with heightened aggressiveness and treatment resistance.

The mechanisms that promote or enable drug resistance include drug inactivation, drug target alteration, drug removal from cells, DNA damage repair, cell death inhibition and the epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT) that enable solid tumors to transform into more metastatic grades.

Wistar scientists have previously shown that age - related changes in the tumor microenvironment — or the surrounding area where tumor cells crosstalk with normal and immune cells — can drive melanoma progression and therapy resistance.

«In the past, we've thought the resistance was caused by genetic changes in tumor cells.

Semenza says previous studies have shown that resistance to chemotherapy arises from the hardy nature of cancer stem cells, which are often found in the centers of tumors, where oxygen levels are quite low.

The regrowth of cancer stem cells is responsible for the drug resistance that develops in many breast tumors and the reason that for many patients, the benefits of chemo are short - lived.

For one thing, the mini-tumors sprout microtubes that connect individual tumor cells and seem to underlie glioblastomas» resistance to chemotherapy and radiation.

The new study shows that a «constitutively active» signaling circuit can trigger cells to grow into tumors and drive therapy resistance in advanced prostate cancer.

The authors said their results, which they have made publicly available, constitute an invaluable resource to help clinicians predict which chemotherapies will be most effective against tumor cells with particular genetic mutations, and how to rationally combine therapies to prevent cancers from developing resistance.

«New study shows promise for preventing therapy resistance in tumor cells.»

In addition, cancer cells» susceptibility to these agents varies widely, and tumors often develop resistance to drugs that initially seem effective.

The research team analyzed BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma cell lines, mice bearing human melanoma tumors, and in human tumor biopsy samples.

Cancer stem cells, a type of self - renewing cell found in tumors, are of particular interest because they are the main cell type responsible for tumor progression and for resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and therefore a major cause of tumor recurrence after treatment.

Unfortunately, however, in most cases a kind of resistance develops: Eventually, the cancer cells no longer respond to the drug and the tumor spreads again.

Unfortunately, in most patients the melanoma recurs within a year because the tumor cells develop drug resistance.

Building on research recently published in Cell Reports, the researchers identified new mutations that appeared to be driving the strong drug resistance exhibited by these tumors.

The paper identified two barriers: a wide variation in EGFRvIII expression in patients and a resistance in the tumor microenvironment, which researchers showed became even more immunosuppressive following CAR T cell infusion.

The immune activation from the CAR cells was also met with resistance mechanisms, including an upregulation of immunosuppressive pathways which may work against the patient and for the tumor, the researchers found.

«Most chemotherapies kill cancer cells through apoptosis, and the cancer cells that escape apoptosis are the root cause of chemotherapy resistance and tumor progression,» said Chi.

Results of an initial study of tumors from patients with lung cancer or head and neck cancer suggest that the widespread acquired resistance to immunotherapy drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors may be due to the elimination of certain genetic mutations needed to enable the immune system to recognize and attack malignant cells.

To investigate why checkpoint inhibitors so often stop working, Velculescu; Valsamo Anagnostou, M.D., Ph.D., instructor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Kellie N. Smith, Ph.D., a cancer immunology research associate at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; and their colleagues at the Bloomberg ~ Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy studied tumors of four patients with non-small cell lung cancer and one patient with head and neck cancer who developed resistance to two different checkpoint inhibitors: a drug called nivolumab that uses an antibody called anti-PD-1, or nivolumab used alone or in combination with a second drug called ipilimumab, which uses an antibody called anti-CTLA4.

Using biopsies of the patients» tumors collected before the start of treatment and at the time patients developed resistance, the researchers performed large - scale genomic analyses to search for mutations specific to the cancer cells in all of each patient's 20,000 genes.

Researchers found no evidence that mouse tumor cells develop resistance to the drugs.

Such resistance may help explain why drugs that eradicate tumor cells in laboratory dishes often fail to eliminate malignancies in the body

CU docs had the opportunity to watch how tumor cells develop resistance in real time.

Moreover, tumors contain a small portion of cancer stem cells that are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance.

«We're very interested in following up by finding more direct proof that if you block the recruitment of immune cells to tumors, you can reverse this phenomenon in these animals with endothelial cell insulin resistance,» Rask - Madsen says.

Both microRNA families have the connection to drug resistance as well as to cancer stem cells, sub-population of cancer cells that have self - renewal properties and the ability to give rise to new tumors that are more resistant to current therapy.

Attempts to eliminate the tumor - initiating cell population generated by EMT are hampered by their increased resistance against most conventional cancer therapeutics.

Anna Huttenlocher, University of Wisconsin, USA Neutrophils in the Tumor Microenvironment Neutrophils, Wounds, and Cancer Progression Stefan Kaufmann, Max Planck Institute, Germany Pathology and immune reactivity: understanding multidimensionality in pulmonary tuberculosis Constitutive BAK activation as a determinant of drug sensitivity in malignant lymphohematopoietic cells Kathryn Moore, New York University, USA MicroRNA -33-dependent regulation of macrophage metabolism directs immune cell polarization in atherosclerosis Lalita Ramakrishnan, University of Cambridge, UK Myeloid Growth Factors Promote Resistance to Mycobacterial Infection by Curtailing Granuloma Necrosis through Macrophage Replenishment Beth Stevens, Harvard University, USA Microglia: Dynamic Mediators of Synapse Development and Plasticity Do glia drive synaptic and cognitive impairment in disease?

However, unfortunately the mechanisms of tumor cells have the ability to resist to immunotherapy and patients who relapse with acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors often present with melanomas that display a much more aggressive and invasive phenotype [13, 14].

They believe this is critical for evaluating the results from clinical trials and for understanding just how PD - L1 expression on tumor cells actually contributes to tumor resistance.

«The technology could also greatly improve our ability to study how tumor cells change in response to treatment and could help answer important biological questions about how treatment resistance arises.»

Claudin - 4 activity in ovarian tumor cell apoptosis resistance and migration.

These models are used for both basic and translational research, including studies to investigate the role of tumor initiating cells in tumor relapse, tumor metastasis and therapy resistance.

She is registred to the National Order of Biologists in the province of Palermo; collaboration in research project from 2012 to 2015 at the Department of Biopathology and Biotechnology, University of Palermo, focusing the study on the identification of molecules capable to modulate intracellular metabolic pathways for the prevention and treatment of infectious, tumor and degenerative disease, in collaboration with Prof. Angela Santoni, University of Rome; collaboration in research project in 2011 at the hospital «Villa Sofia Cervello» of Palermo to study methods can cure the genetic defect that causes thalassemia through genetic engineering; she studies different mechanisms of the differentiation and the activation of human gammadelta T cells as effector cells of the immune response against cancer and infectious diseases; she investigates about the identification and development of biomarkers of resistance and susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; Valentina Orlando has published 13 papers in peer reviewed journals and 3 comunications at national and international congress.

PD - L1 checkpoint inhibition and anti-CTLA-4 whole tumor cell vaccination counter adaptive immune resistance: A mouse neuroblastoma model that mimics human disease.

Specifically he's characterizing how the tumor and immune cells evolve together over time in patients who respond initially, but then develop resistance.

Dr. Sadelain's work has focused on developing novel strategies to extend survival of CAR T cells in the body and enable T cells with increased potency to overcome the resistance imposed by tumor and other cells in the tumor microenvironment.

The lab is delineating tumor dormancy in melanoma and characterizing subpopulations of cells with a major focus on slow - proliferating cells that have high proliferation potential hypothesizing that these cells are critical for dormancy and therapy resistance.

The ability for cancer cells to develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs - known as multi-drug resistance - remains a leading cause for tumor recurrence and cancer metastasis, but recent findings offer hope that oncologists...

Researchers report that PD - 1 / PD - L1 monoclonal blocking antibody allows T cells to remain active and fight malignant evolution, subsequently preventing tumor resistance.

He has over 250 publications in the areas of signaling by growth factor receptors and oncogenes in breast tumor cells, development of targeted therapies and biomarkers of drug action and resistance, and investigator - initiated clinical trials in breast cancer.