Morris says vaccination with modified
tumor cells producing IL - 15 and IL - 15Rα slowed tumor growth and led to increased survival for animal models.
«Additionally, this provides evidence needed to begin investigating a vaccine in human cancer clinical trials to determine whether genetically modified
tumor cells producing IL - 15 and IL - 15Rα may induce anti-cancer responses.»
They found that
the tumor cells produce a protein that acts like Velcro to attach the cells to the outer wall of a blood vessel.
«
Tumor cells produce larger quantities of H2O2 and use oxidative signals at higher levels than normal cells in order to drive their own growth,» says Mirko Sobotta, first author of the publication.
The traditional method of culturing
tumor cells produces a single layer of cells that behave much differently from the original tumor.
Like all cells,
tumor cells produce energy in two different ways: respiration, which requires oxygen, and glycolysis, which does not.
The tumor cells produce fluid that fills the body cavities, so treatment is focused on removing the fluid which is believed to provide for some relief.
Not exact matches
Capsaicin additionally
produced a significant deceleration of the development of prostate
tumors created simply by those human
cell lines grown in mouse models.
If the
tumor that Jobs had removed in 2004 had begun to break down prior to the surgery, White says, the
tumor's dead
cells could have released protease and lipase enzymes that may have damaged beta
cells in the pancreas, which
produce insulin.
The team was surprised to observe that these very aggressive
tumors arise from mature, pigment -
producing cells called melanocytes.
With that knowledge, they screened more than four dozen monoclonal antibodies — unique agents that can stop
cells from growing or forming
tumors and can be mass
produced — before finding two that block
tumor creation in both types of cancer.
«
Tumor cells often produce suppressive factors which essentially turn the brakes on tumor - killing white blood c
Tumor cells often
produce suppressive factors which essentially turn the brakes on
tumor - killing white blood c
tumor - killing white blood
cells.
Cheung and his colleagues genetically engineered mice to
produce fluorescently tagged
tumor cells.
In mice, the Runx2 knock - in myeloma
cells produced greater
tumor growth and a wider spread of disease compared with the original myeloma
cells; conversely, the Runx2 knock - down
cells had less
tumor growth and disease spread.
Another challenge is
producing stem -
cell - derived tissues or organs that don't develop teratomas —
tumors that contain a variety of tissues found in different organs — when transplanted.
The researchers also tested a Runx2 knock - down variant of a human multiple myeloma
cell line and found that it
produced significantly less
tumor growth in immunodeficient mice than the original human multiple myeloma
cells.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have engineered
cells with a «built - in genetic circuit» that
produces a molecule that inhibits the ability of
tumors to survive and grow in their low oxygen environment.
Indeed, after Siddle added a squirt of interferon - gamma — a chemical messenger that activates numerous genes involved in
producing MHC antigens — to
cells cultured from devil
tumors, the MHC genes functioned normally again, and the
tumor cells» identity cards showed up, plain as day.
Their stem
cell - like properties enable them to maintain a pool of cancer stem
cells within the
tumor, as well as to
produce new mature
tumor cells.
The ability of
tumor - infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) such as T
cells to
produce multitudes of clones that overwhelm and effectively control cancer
cells has been demonstrated, but the significance of the composition of T -
cell repertories is unknown.
A team of researchers led by Julie Y. Djeu, Ph.D., associate center director of education and training at Moffitt, discovered that TGF - β
produced by
tumor cells causes NK
cells to make high levels of a molecule called microRNA - 183 (miR - 183).
However,
tumors produce high amounts of a protein called Transforming Growth Factor - Beta (TGF - β) that suppresses the activity of NK
cells.
In earlier studies involving animal models and human cancer
cell lines, researchers found that breast cancer spreads when three specific
cells are in direct contact: an endothelial
cell (a type of
cell that lines the blood vessels), a perivascular macrophage (a type of immune
cell found near blood vessels), and a
tumor cell that
produces high levels of Mena, a protein that enhances a cancer
cell's ability to spread.
They found that if autophagy — the intracellular recycling process — is blocked in
tumor cells, they
produce cytokines that attract NK
cells.
The research suggests that a cytokine
produced by inflammatory
cells near a prostate
tumor induces cancer
cells to decrease production of a protein that blocks metastasis.
The tool sprays a microscopic stream of charged solvent onto the tissue surface to gather information about its molecular makeup and
produces a color - coded image revealing the nature and concentration of
tumor cells.
One study showed that ovarian
tumors produce a signaling molecule that serves to attract regulatory T
cells, a subclass of adaptive immune
cells responsible for quieting other T
cells.
The more CCL5 is
produced, the stronger
tumors are infiltrated with NK
cells.
The central idea is to encode an antigen as RNA and inject that into the skin of the patient, whose own
cells then
produce the protein that triggers an immune response, either to kill
tumor cells or to prevent an infection.
Encapsulated toxin -
producing stem
cells (in blue) help kill brain
tumor cells in the
tumor resection cavity (in green).
Lee's study results, which appear in the July 16, 2015 issue of Nature Communications, revealed new understanding about how 14 -3-3 sigma — a
cell cycle «controller» - regulates cancer metabolic programming, thus protecting healthy
cells from turning into
tumor -
producing factories.
A team led by neuroscientist Khalid Shah, MS, PhD, who recently demonstrated the value of stem
cells loaded with cancer - killing herpes viruses, now has a way to genetically engineer stem
cells so that they can
produce and secrete
tumor - killing toxins.
The new study revealed that pancreatic cancer
cells not only send signals that make macrophages
produce abnormal amounts of dectin - 1 surface receptors, but also that make
tumor cells themselves express high levels of galectin - 9.
In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a vaccination targeting
tumors that
produced IL - 15 and its
cell surface receptor called IL - 15R - alpha -LRB--RRB- and examined their ability to up - regulate (or increase) immune responses to
tumor antigens,» Morris says.
Cincinnati Cancer Center (CCC) and UC Cancer Institute researchers have found that a vaccine, targeting
tumors that
produce a certain protein and receptor responsible for communication between
cells and the body's immune system, could initiate the immune response to fight cancer.
We have shown that T
cells can locally
produce commercial therapeutics (such as antibodies) in a solid
tumor.
By contrast, 16 out of 17 mice that
produced annexin A2 in their
cells developed metastatic
tumors in the liver, lungs or abdominal cavity.
The results suggest the simultaneous activation of certain molecular pathways — actions among molecules in a
cell that can lead to change — in particular the MAPK and PI3K cellular pathways, triggered
tumor initiation and
produced increasingly dense low - grade gliomas that quickly progressed to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Bone marrow biopsies often
produce limited numbers of
tumor cells to test — as few as 50,000
tumor cells in this study — but for this technique that is enough to test many different drugs and drug combinations.
Research from other scientists at Johns Hopkins, he says, had suggested that some
tumors, particularly those that affect the nervous system, have mutations in the ATRX gene, which
produces proteins that appear to maintain the length of telomeres, repetitive segments of DNA on the ends of chromosomes that typically shorten each time a
cell divides.
Recent research has suggested that
tumor - infiltrating myeloid
cells are initially
produced in the bone marrow.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine report that dietary capsaicin — the active ingredient in chili peppers —
produces chronic activation of a receptor on
cells lining the intestines of mice, triggering a reaction that ultimately reduces the risk of colorectal
tumors.
Both the number and activity of osteoblasts —
cells that
produce and reshape bone tissue — were increased within the bone marrow of mice with lung
tumors compared with cancer - free animals; and reducing the number of osteoblasts in mice not only limited neutrophil infiltration of
tumors but also interrupted
tumor progression.
Nor was it possible to attract T
cells into the
tumor when the researchers transplanted non-activated eosinophils, which do not
produce attractants, into the mice.
If a
cell fails to
produce the ultraconservated RNA, microRNA gets altered and hundreds of genes that should maintain cellular balance does and thus contributes to the formation of human
tumors,» concludes Manel Esteller.
Furthermore, only those fusion - derived IEC - 6
cell clones that had undergone the changes in cellular growth indicative of neoplastic transformation
produced tumors in mice.
IL - 6 is a cytokine, a signal molecule that is
produced and secreted both by immune
cells and by
tumor cells and binds specifically to a receptor (IL - 6R) that is found on the surfaces of many
cell types.
When the PBRM1 gene was knocked out in experiments, the melanoma
cells became more sensitive to interferon - gamma
produced by T
cells, and in response
produced signaling molecules that recruited more
tumor - fighting T
cells into the
tumor.
For example, scientists could engineer T
cells, sentinels of the immune system, with genetic circuits that initiate a response to wipe out
tumors when they detect the presence of two or three «biomarkers»
produced by cancer
cells, Lu says.
The RNA molecules direct which proteins the
cell produces, so the RNA sequences show how
tumor cells behave differently to normal
cells.