Similarly,
the tuning of their parameters must be consistent with the amount of defect you want to correct.
The NCAR Community Climate System model 20th century simulations for CMIP5 (Gent et al. 2011) arguably qualifies as a completely forward calculation, with forcing data sets being selected a priori and
no tuning of parameters to the 20th century climate other than the sea ice albedo and the low cloud relative humidity threshold.
New devices are being developed by Medtronic and other medical device companies that can allow both stimulation and monitoring of the neural activity which can facilitate
tuning of the parameters and even delivery of stimulation triggered by neural activity.
Not exact matches
If something has fine -
tuned the
parameters, that could indicate the existence
of an intelligent fine - tuner — but this is pretty much guesswork: it could as easily be that the
parameters vary slightly over very large distances, in which case life would be expected to turn up in those regions
of the universe that are suited for life.
Regarding the Big Bang, it was found that the
parameters of the Big Bang, and the governing constants
of physics, had to be perfectly and exquisitely
tuned to allow life as we know it to exists.
Say we have a mildly complex set
of physical laws, a theory
of everything — let's call the theory U — that includes a few numerical
parameters (let's say those are t, u, v, w, x, y, z) that are fixed at constant values that seem at first somewhat arbitrary, but also seem «fine
tuned» to produce a universe that can support life.
In this book, which is in two parts, McGrath focuses on «surprising facts» - apparent fine -
tunings of critical
parameters of nature.
Of course, as McGrath recognises, atheist explanations for such «fine tuning» exist: the multiverse, for example, which posits that our universe is just one region of a vastly bigger reality, such that the apparently fine - tuned parameters have different values elsewher
Of course, as McGrath recognises, atheist explanations for such «fine
tuning» exist: the multiverse, for example, which posits that our universe is just one region
of a vastly bigger reality, such that the apparently fine - tuned parameters have different values elsewher
of a vastly bigger reality, such that the apparently fine -
tuned parameters have different values elsewhere.
The strengths
of the basic forces and certain other fundamental
parameters in our universe appear to be «fine -
tuned» to allow the existence
of life.
In contrast to a solid - state environment, however, many unwanted effects resulting for example from impurities in the material are absent and all key
parameters of the system can be finely
tuned.
As you put in more and more fine -
tuned parameters, it might start doing all kinds
of things you would not want or expect it to do.
The result can also be influenced by
tuning the electrical charge
of the floor plate on which the particles rest — a
parameter which is very easy to control in an experiment.
Both these
parameters can be
tuned in the experiment, allowing the researchers to design the inner structure
of emulsions.
I get frustrated by the discussion
of the idea that physical
parameters were «fine -
tuned» for life (23 July, p 34).
The study, published in PLOS Computational Biology, provides a patient specific approach to
tuning parameters that may dramatically improve efficacy
of deep brain stimulation.
«As bioengineers, we can now design 3D culture systems where environmental
parameters such as composition, porosity, and stiffness can be precisely
tuned to study the importance
of these cues on tumorigenesis,» says coauthor Sandeep Koshy, a Harvard graduate student in the Harvard - MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, who works in Mooney's lab at Harvard SEAS and at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering.
This method therefore provides a patient specific approach to
tuning parameters that may dramatically improve efficacy
of deep brain stimulation.
By adjusting various
parameters — such as the density
of conduction electrons in the material or the strength
of the DC electric field — it is possible to
tune the cutoff wavenumber and, consequently, the frequency
of the resulting terahertz radiation.
«This is extremely interesting since chemists today can often fine
tune or even switch the permeability
of these shells to specific molecules via variations in temperature or other
parameters,» explains co-author Dr. Won Kyu Kim.
Our work was able to investigate the variety
of the self - assembled structures offered by the chosen bricks and to characterise the specific collective behaviors occurring on
tuning the relevant
parameters of these systems.
Second is the observation that, by
tuning the
parameters of such systems, they may exist in any one
of three states: rigid order, chaos, or a state
of complexity balanced between rigid order and chaos.
The measured optical band gap
of these samples matches the predicted dependence as a function
of the sample's order
parameter as measured by Raman scattering and both x-ray and electron diffraction, and hence allows for the possibility
of tuning the band gap
of ZnSnN2 without having to alloy with other material systems.
The number
of «free»
parameters is actually not that great, and since only a handful are used to
tune the models «holisitically» the arbitrariness is limited.
But the amount
of radiation needed to make the scenario work was extremely high, and astrophysicists had to fine -
tune other
parameters of the scenario, too, making the solution feel unsatisfying.
The standard tool in performing this characterization is the neuronal
tuning curve: a plot
of the average firing rate
of the neuron as a function
of relevant stimulus
parameters.
Whatever you're trying to do, whether it's trail - braking into a hairpin or powering out
of a 100 - mph sweeper, somebody has already thought about that situation and
tuned the differential lockup, throttle response, suspension stiffness, and about a million other
parameters to make the car respond consistently.
Since the size
of the port is a
tuned parameter, using a bigger hole all the time will result in the engine running rough.
All that other stuff — ride, handling, engine response — that's all very fiddly, but you've got CAD / CAM units and data and target
parameters to aim for before completing with some seat -
of - the - pants
tuning.
The bespoke
tuning of the suspension and damping systems, specially configured steering characteristics, a firmer roll stabilisation set - up and precise tweaks
of the DSC
parameters together ensure the new i8 Roadster boasts all
of the plug - in hybrid sports car's hallmark handling and performance qualities.
This device — standard across the entire range
of the new model — modifies the operating
parameters of the engine,
of the steering system, and
of the Q2 electronic differential, in addition to fine -
tuning the stability control system (VDC) behavioural logics.
In ECO PRO mode the entire vehicle is
tuned to for efficiency by means
of a changed gas and transmission
parameters.
This has a potential impact on vehicle behavior with benefits regarding safety and the handling performance, more so than through the traditional approach
of fine
tuning hardware
parameters such as mass distribution and suspension elasto - kinematics.
«Because FMOD Studio is designed to work like a DAW, we were immediately able to take those
parameters that we'd set up in Nuendo, bring them over into FMOD Studio, and with a little bit
of fine
tuning, suddenly we had it in the game,» says Wiswell.
All Gust needed to do was tweak the
parameters of each enemy a bit and I would have been singing an entirely different
tune about them.
The nature
of the
tuning also matters: allowing an uncertain
parameter to vary within reasonable bounds and picking the value that gives the best result, is quite different to inserting completely artificial fluxes to correct for biases.
Is there any sense
of how, how much, if, or which
parameters «
tuned» for emergent properties in the average climate might change with climate change?
While details differ among groups in terms
of scientific missions,
tuning targets and tunable
parameters, there is a core commonality
of approaches.
In that survey, it was almost universal that groups
tuned for radiation balance at the top
of the atmosphere (usually by adjusting uncertain cloud
parameters), but there is a split on pratices like using flux corrections (2 / 3rds
of groups disagreed with that).
Tuning consists
of adjusting the values
of these
parameters to bring the solution as a whole into line with aspects
of the observed climate.
Secondly, there are
tuning parameters that control aspects
of the emergent system.
On that topic, I question the precision
of the model's
parameters on the grounds that the scenarios to which the model is
tuned are not persistent, reliable, indicative features
of the atmospheric / oceanic circulation.
Using comprehensive data sets
of observations made between 1979 and 2001
of sea ice thickness, draft, extent, and speeds, we find that it is possible to
tune model
parameters to give satisfactory agreement with observed data, thereby highlighting the skill
of modern sea ice models, though the
parameter values chosen differ according to the model forcing used.
They calibrated them according to the warming
of the last quarter
of the last century, assumed the warming was from carbon dioxide rising, and have
tuned the
parameters to keep in step.
But, from a point
of view
of curve fitting, each
parameter is a
tuning knob!
Now suppose Rowlands, et al.,
tuned the
parameters of the HADCM3L model so that it precisely reproduced the observed air temperature line.
I'm claiming that it's possible to analyze multidecadal HadCRUT3 (defined as F3 (HadCRUT3)-RRB- as a sum
of two naturally arising functions, SAW and AGW, to within millikelvins, where SAW has 6
parameters and AGW has 3 that I'm allowing myself to
tune to improve the fit.
They can't even predict the next decade, much less ten decades; despite
tuning they only poorly replicate the historical climate; their equations can't be shown to converge; the number
of tunable
parameters is far too large for comfort; they show absolutely no skill at regional scales; their results for things they are not
tuned to replicate (e.g. rainfall) are abysmal — in short they are glorified Tinkertoy ™ models which have one common characteristic... they don't work well.
In a more general manner, if we take
tuning through hindcasting to be some kind
of (weak) form
of proper
parameter estimation, what is the theoretical basis for
parameter estimation within the framework
of chaotic response; especially spatio - temporal chaos?
The models have been «
tuned» through the use
of parameters to simply mimic observations, after the fact.
Many physical modelers, and especially climate modelers, seems to think that as long as their models are «science - based» then there is no need to account for uncertainty in their outputs, notwithstanding that the model
parameters are
tuned with data, and that aspects
of these models are likely to be ill posed (highly sensitive to small perturbations in the values assigned to
parameters).