Sentences with phrase «type of neuron from»

SAN FRANCISCO, CA — Scientists at the Gladstone Institutes created a special type of neuron from human stem cells that could potentially repair spinal cord injuries.

Generally, scientists try to find a unique marker, a sort of molecular signature, to distinguish one type of neuron from the many others in the brain.

Not exact matches

The study found an increased risk of cardiac schwannoma, a tumor type that typically originates from cells found in neurons.

The researchers detected this SMN long noncoding RNA, or lnc - RNA (pronounced «link RNA») for short, in human embryonic kidney cells, brain cell samples and neurons derived from the stem cells of healthy people and those with spinal muscular atrophy type I and II.

«By observing entorhinal - hippocampal neurons based on their birthdate, we realized that these cells were somehow special and very different from the other surrounding cell types, which was instrumental to find out how and to what extent they influenced the assembly of the network.»

The ~ 200 GB of data for each brain was then analyzed with machine learning algorithms that identify individual neurons by type, according to parameters «learned» from human experts.

The same genes that control the skate's front fin versus back fin are the same type of genes that discriminate arm neurons from leg ones in people.

The neurons send their signals to the brain's olfactory bulb, where each of thousands of little clusters of neurons called glomeruli receives input from olfactory neurons with just one receptor type.

Action potentials can be created by many types of cells, but are used most extensively by the nervous system for communication between neurons and to transmit information from neurons to other body tissues such as muscles and glands.

Volkan is interested in how the many types of smell neurons come to be as a fruit fly develops from egg to an adult.

Collaborators from the Human Genetics Department at the University Hospital of Jena, PD Ingo Kurth and Professor Christian Hübner, already demonstrated in 2009 that mutations in FAM134B cause the death of sensory neurons in a disorder called hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II (HSAN II).

Further experiments showed that descending serotonin neurons, coming from the brain and spinal cord, contact a type of neuron that expresses gastrin - dependent peptide receptors.

The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell - sensing neurons and guide them from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system.

Retinas are built of a stack of different types of neurons, each connected by synapses that transmit signals from photoreceptors to the brain.

To conduct the study, scientists took dental pulp cells from donated baby teeth of three children with diagnoses of non-syndromic autism (part of the on - going «Tooth Fairy Project») and reprogrammed the cells to become either neurons or astrocytes, a type of glia or support cell abundantly found in the brain.

Each Purkinje cell receives messages from a climbing fiber, a type of neuron that extends from the brain stem and sends feedback about the associated muscles.

In neurons of DIXDC1 mutant mice (center) the dendrites — neural antennae that receive input from other brain cells — have fewer of the dendritic spines (white with red arrows)-- the receiving half of most synaptic inputs — compared to dendrites in wild type mice (left).

By comparing hippocampal and cortical neurons in mono - culture (with other cells of the same type) and in co-culture (both cell types deposited within one device), the research showed that some features from hippocampal cells, like the percentage of action potential spikes found in bursts, were significantly higher when cultured together with cortical cells.

Researchers from Hiroki Taniguchi's lab at the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) published a study in eNeuro in May 2017 showing for the first time that a unique type of inhibitory interneuron called chandelier cells — which are implicated in several diseases affecting the brain such as schizophrenia and epilepsy — seem to develop their connections differently than other types of neurons.

Instead, our braininess as a species arises from having humongous numbers of just a few types of off - the - rack neurons and from the exponentially greater number of interactions between them.

Humans, to be human, don't need to have evolved unique genes that code for entirely novel types of neurons or neurotransmitters, or a more complex hippocampus (with resulting improvements in memory), or a more complex frontal cortex (from which we gain the ability to postpone gratification).

In the present study, the researchers carried out a large - scale analysis of sympathetic nerve cells, from which they were able to demonstrate that there are many different types of sympathetic neurons and that the different types are associated with a particular functions.

Another past study from Yoo's team showed that exposure to the same two microRNAs, miR - 9 and miR - 124, plus a different mix of transcription factors could turn skin cells into a different type of neuron.

To create the repository, the researchers are taking blood cells from Gulf War veterans and «reprogramming» them into their «pluripotent» state, which can then be transformed into any type of cell, from a kidney to a neuron.

For the first 5 years, Spalding worked on finding an effective way of separating the roughly 20 million neurons in the dentate gyrus from other types of hippocampal cells and then extracting their DNA.

«We were interested in the origins of lamprey gut neurons because in other vertebrates they arise from a particular embryonic cell type, called neural crest cells,» says Stephen Green, postdoctoral scholar in biology and biological engineering and co-first author on the paper.

The data showed that the neuronal transmissions from the light - sensitive neurons differed depending on the type of interneuron on the receiving end.

Using neurons extracted from rodent models of Huntington's, the team employed the OPL method, which tracked the speed and efficiency with which different types of neurons were able to break down and dissolve the mutant huntingtin.

«If we can pinpoint which genes control the development of each neuron type, we can generate them in the petri dish from a single sample of human skin cells,» said Dr. Huang.

Researchers from the Gladstone Institutes uncovered how a special type of neuron improves the efficiency of this type of learning.

This provides an advantage from a neural prosthetics perspective, Andersen says, as a small implant sampling a small number of neurons can provide information for many types of intended movements.

Motor Neuron a type of nerve cell that conveys impulses from the central nervous system to a muscle or other effector tissue.

Another consideration when developing drugs is that the particular brain cells we'd like to rescue in HD - neurons - are very different from other types of cells.

The main issue in canine seizures, as well as any other type of seizure, is that there is an abnormal firing of nerve impulses originating from the neurons of the brain.