Sentences with phrase «type of neurons»
By selectively manipulating the different types of neurons in this region, they found that one set of neurons controlled pursuit, and another controlled the kill.
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He can also give different types of neurons different channels by adding specific genetic handles to the channel DNA.
The hope is that this new technology can also be used to study the links between other types of neurons, physiology and behavior.
The technique involves inserting a light - sensitive ion channel into specific types of neurons by means of a virus.
There are many types of neurons, defined largely by the patterns of genes they use, and they «live» in numerous distinct brain regions.
The eventual goal is to gain a better understanding of how signaling between different types of neurons controls memory and cognition.
The research also answers a long - standing question about why motor neurons, the nerve cells of the spinal cord that control muscle movement, form much faster than other types of neurons.
The toxins shut down a channel on the membranes of different types of neurons.
How do genetic mutations in selected genes lead to elective degeneration in certain types of neurons in HD, PD, and ALS?
Todd McDevitt (right), Jessica Butts (center) and Dylan McCreedy (left) created a special type of neuron from human stem cells that could potentially repair spinal cord injuries.
«The targeted stimulation or inhibition of particular types of neurons in humans is still a long way off and might only be possible in a few decades» time,» says Zeilhofer.
Scientists at the Gladstone Institutes created a special type of neuron from human stem cells that could potentially repair spinal cord injuries.
The two main types of neurons can be differentiated, because they produce distinct proteins, either parvalbumin (PV) or somatostatin (SOM).
This would allow connections to grow between multiple types of neurons found in distant parts of the brain,» said Dr. Marianela Garcia Munoz, Group Leader of the Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit.
An imbalance between these two types of neurons creates disharmony and is seen in multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism.
Sundberg also plans to create other types of neurons for modeling ASD.
Labeled antibodies, which bind to specific cell types, allowed the researchers to determine which types of neuron were being created at which times.
«The same basic toolkit gives rise to diverse types of neurons in completely different tissues,» said Volkan, who is also a member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences.
It is composed of about a hundred types of neurons organised into 6 layers and numerous distinct neuroanatomical and functional areas.
Elsewhere, other research groups have taken a complementary approach, harvesting a single type of neuron from the brain and profiling all of the genes that are expressed by that cell.
Researcher Thomas Hartung and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins University created these mini brains using stem cells that, over the course of two months, morph into supporting cells and various types of neurons, which quickly connect to one another and start communicating.
S vector that we developed could help researchers study the activity and function of specific types of neurons within peripheral circuits using genetically - encoded sensors and tools to modulate neuronal firing with light or designer drugs, respectively.»
It has been known for a long time that different types of neurons form at differing speeds during development, with motor neurons forming faster than the other types of nerve cells that populate the spinal cord.
But two methyl group arrangements point to unique gene - expression profiles, hinting at two previously unrecognized types of neurons.
Humans, to be human, don't need to have evolved unique genes that code for entirely novel types of neurons or neurotransmitters, or a more complex hippocampus (with resulting improvements in memory), or a more complex frontal cortex (from which we gain the ability to postpone gratification).
The experiments not only supported a role for neuregulin 3 in schizophrenia, but also helped define types of neurons involved.
The next step, explains Nectow, now an associate research scholar at Princeton University who did the research while a Ph.D. student and visiting fellow in Friedman's lab, was to determine which of the several types of neurons that make up the DRN were involved.
But that specific type of neuron also has particular clinical promise because many psychiatric and neurological disorders involve an imbalance between excitation and inhibition, including epilepsy, schizophrenia and chronic pain.
«New type of neuron that plays key role in nicotine addiction found.»
The GPe is known to contribute to suppressing motor pathways in the basal ganglia, but little is known about the individual types of neurons present in the GPe, their role in Parkinson's disease or their therapeutic potential.
This suggested to the researchers that it was theoretically possible to preferentially target one type of neuron over another, since the channels could be blocked at different levels of current.
The main rationale of using these factors is to direct astrocytes towards generating distinct types of neurons.
Dr Aidan Horner, who conducted the study at the UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and is now in the Department of Psychology at York, said: «It is particularly exciting to see the involvement of a specific type of neuron whilst people are simply imagining moving through an environment.
Multiple types of neurons communicate by secreting the same major chemical messengers: serotonin (red), dopamine and norepinephrine (yellow) and acetylcholine (cyan).
Researchers from the Gladstone Institutes uncovered how a special type of neuron improves the efficiency of this type of learning.
Jin found that types of neurons damaged in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease can broadcast the signals for starting or stopping newly learned action sequences.
Independently, Klas Kullander's research group had discovered that this particular gene, DMRT3, is expressed in a previously unknown type of neurons in the spinal cord of mice.
LA JOLLA — Despite advances in neuroscience, the brain is still very much a black box — no one even knows how many different types of neurons exist.
Neurona's founders have discovered that certain types of neuron transplants can rebalance nervous system activity, repair neural circuits, and rescue multiple animal models of disease.
Because the enteric nervous system relies on the same type of neurons and neurotransmitters that are found in the central nervous system, some people call... read more»
«Two decades of discoveries in the fields of stem cell biology, cortical brain development, and cell transplantation have revealed the potential for particular types of neurons to repair the nervous system, representing a possible breakthrough therapy for patients with devastating neurological diseases,» said Cory Nicholas, Co-Founder, VP of Research at Neurona.
Early in postnatal development, before this bouquet of cells makes connections with other types of neurons, the cells engage in cross-talk among themselves, Michael Hausser has found.
The data would be used to better predict human response to countermeasures, viruses or pharmaceutical drugs, and could help scientists determine if certain types of neurons are more susceptible to exposure.
They are also working with collaborators to start classifying the thousands of types of neurons found in the brain.
Stress alters the intricate system of checks and balances in the firing and quiescence of many types of neurons.
Previous brain autopsies have shown that patients with TSC, as well as patients with ASD, have reduced numbers of Purkinje cells, the main type of neuron that communicates out of the cerebellum.
Transplanting a special type of neuron into the brain restores cognitive functions in Alzheimer's models