Sentences with phrase «types of cell receptors»

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Then the researchers doused dengue - spreading mosquitoes with a chemical that shuts down the mosquitoes» ability to detect CO2 by blocking a receptor called neuron — cpA, a type of sensory cell found on a small pair of antennalike structures near the mouth called the maxillary palps.

The receptor is often expressed on epithelial cells, the type of cells that turn cancerous, and it promotes cell survival.

The olfactory system comprises six million to 10 million receptor cells (of which there are nearly 400 different types) and links to multiple brain structures and neural pathways, including those involved in memory, emotion and movement.

THC activated two types of cannabinoid receptor on immune cells, called CB1 and CB2.

Previous research had shown that nicotine seems to have conflicting effects on different types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, proteins on the surface of brain cells that respond to nicotine and the naturally occurring neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Most cancer vaccines developed to date have been designed to recognize and attack a specific known molecule — such as a cell - surface receptor — that is likely to be found on cancerous cells in any patient with that type of tumor.

Zhao, Chen and colleagues found that these gastrin - dependent peptide receptor - expressing cells also express a type of serotonin receptor known as the 1A receptor.

LPA receptors are all over neural progenitor cells, which go on to form neurons and other types of cells in a young brain.

The LPA receptor is expressed in the brain of human fetuses, just as in mice, and in the same types of neural progenitor cells.

Current thinking regarding type III hypersensitivity is that immune cells within tissues sense the presence of these immune complexes (ICs) through specific receptor molecules and release inflammatory factors called cytokines that activate the endothelial cells lining adjacent blood vessels to promote the recruitment of neutrophils.

The drug's mechanism of action was entirely new: Instead of attacking cancer cells (like chemo), or indiscriminately revving up the immune system (like IL - 2), ipilimumab blocked a single receptor on one type of immune cell.

Each of these onion - shaped sensory structures contains several different types and subtypes of taste receptor cells, each with a specialized function.

A type of sphingosine 1 - phosphate, and cell receptors for it, also were observed in the cells in the regenerating muscle fibers.

Dogs can do that because their noses contain 900 different types of olfactory receptors, chemical detectors in cells that respond to many different kinds of odor molecules in particular ways.

More specifically, tisagenlecleucel is a type of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR - T) therapy, a technique pioneered by immunologist Carl June and colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania.

He is also working on new receptor types that could allow cell therapies to more effectively penetrate disease sites and reside there for the duration of the treatment.

Opioid receptors are part of the different systems of cell communication and are capable of regulating physiological processes that require a high degree of coordination and communication between the different cell and tissue types.

The number of receptors for the neurotransmitter in the brain amounts to 14, occurring in different cell types.

As a result, they are too broad: They affect more than one type of receptor, on more than one kind of nerve cell, in more than one part of the brain.

It's uncertain whether other cell types, such as the immune cells that enter the lungs after an attack, have adenosine receptors — and scientists don't even know the source of the adenosine.

The engineered cells contain an antibody - like protein known as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is designed to bind to a protein called CD19 found on the surface of B cells, including the cancerous B cells that characterize several types of leukemia.

Eph receptors and their binding partners, the ephrins, are found on the surface of almost all cell types.

This could be done by attaching molecules to the surface of the bots that bind to specific receptors on the outside of certain types of cell.

«We hope this atlas will be a roadmap for the field to explore the relationship between specific cell types, signaling pathways, receptors, and the physiological function of brain circuits,» Kriegstein added.

IL - 6 is a cytokine, a signal molecule that is produced and secreted both by immune cells and by tumor cells and binds specifically to a receptor (IL - 6R) that is found on the surfaces of many cell types.

«This technique could be applied to other cell types of the immune system — anywhere the receptors on the membrane are renewed often,» says Griessinger.

The modified T cells contain a protein known as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is designed to target the CD19 protein found on the surface of B cells, including the cancerous B cells that characterize several types of leukemia and lymphoma.

In the presence of sour tastes, the type III taste buds release serotonin, and the nerve cells with serotonin 3 receptors take it up.

To address this question, Sasisekharan and his team analyzed the structure of the H5N1 and H7N9 viruses, focusing on hemagglutinin (HA)-- a type of viral protein that binds to cell receptors in the respiratory tract of hosts.

Everyone has urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a healthy molecule «tethered» in place to various types of cells.

This causes the body's white blood cells to release type 1 interferon - alpha, a small cytokine protein that acts as a systemic alarm, triggering a cascade of additional immune activity as it binds with receptors in different tissues.

In the study, researchers exposed a handful of mouse and human T - cell receptors to hundreds of millions of peptides, and found hundreds of peptides that bound to each type.

Our data demonstrate that a subset of geniculate ganglion neurons expresses 5 - HT3 receptors and innervates taste buds, including serotonergic type III cells.

Scientists have known that LPA is secreted by many types of cancer cells, appears to promote the growth and spread of tumor cells, and that immune cells known as CD - 8 «killer» T cells have several receptors for LPA.

Given these conditions, we hypothesized that 5 - HT3 receptors would be implicated in the transmission of type III cell - mediated taste information from taste buds to the nerve fibers.

It binds to a type of receptor found in almost every cell in the body and can regulate the expression of genes that deal with immune response.

Because type III cells appear to integrate information from other receptor cells (Tomchik et al., 2007) and use the 5 - HT3 system to transmit information, these previous nerve recording studies may have inhibited transmission of integrated cross-modal information from type III cells, leading to the appearance of strict labeled - line, modality - specific transmission of information.

5 - HT released by type III taste cells activates adjacent type II taste cells that express the 5 - HT1A receptor, resulting in inhibition of type II cells (Herness and Chen, 2000; Huang et al., 2005; Jaber et al., 2014).

Researchers from immune biology professor Annette Oxenius's group have now discovered what keeps NK cells from killing off their «colleagues from the other department» of the immune system: healthy CD8 + cells are able to detect the immune messenger substance type 1 interferon, which binds to specific receptors on the surface of these immune cells and thereby conceals their stress.

We perform the transient silencing of several genes in parallel by RNA interference in order to identify those able to modify two types of DM1 biomarkers expressed by one DM1 - hES cell line progeny: the pathological intranuclear ribonucleoaggregates called foci and the insulin receptor splicing defect.

Indeed, in our tissues we found these type of cells are indeed present, and associated with the vasculature as can be seen in the immunohistochemistry for NG2 and PDGF receptor beta.

Gladstone investigators also discovered that the p75 neurotrophin receptor — a protein long known for its role in the development of brain cells — plays unexpected roles in metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes.

Immunological Invisibility Cloak Among them is Joel Linden, Ph.D., who recently reported that jamming signals transmitted by membrane proteins called adenosine receptors, which are expressed on T cells and on specialized cell - killing cells called NK cells, made both cell types more effective in halting lung metastasis of melanoma cells.

Gross G, Waks T, Eshhar Z. Expression of immunoglobulin - T - cell receptor chimeric molecules as functional receptors with antibody - type specificity (chimeric genes / antibody variable region).

Although scientists have examined insulin action in tumors for years, the ability to knock out the insulin receptor in specific types of tumor cells adds a level of sophistication to these investigations, Rask - Madsen emphasizes.

PHILADELPHIA (August 8, 2017)-- A significant technological advance from the Monell Center now allows scientists to identify the complete set of genes in any type of taste receptor cell.

Depending on characteristics such as how many tumor cells, blood vessel cells, and immune cells are touching each other, the tumor microenvironment can nearly triple the chance that a common type of breast cancer (estrogen - receptor positive / HER2 negative) that has reached the lymph nodes will also metastasize, Condeelis and colleagues showed in a 2014 study of 3,760 patients.

IGF - 1 is a polypeptide hormone that can influence growth, differentiation and survival of cells expressing the type 1 receptor (IGF - 1R).

For the type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR) as a paradigm for functional plasticity, we have, within the first funding period, established single molecule imaging techniques for monitoring receptor assembly and dynamics in the plasma membrane of living cells.

One is the molecular identification of cell growth and differentiation factors, and their receptors that mimic embryonic developmental cues, and allow PSCs to differentiate into almost any mammalian cell type.