Sentences with phrase «types of neurons for»

Sundberg also plans to create other types of neurons for modeling ASD.

Not exact matches

The researchers detected this SMN long noncoding RNA, or lnc - RNA (pronounced «link RNA») for short, in human embryonic kidney cells, brain cell samples and neurons derived from the stem cells of healthy people and those with spinal muscular atrophy type I and II.

In a 2016 study, for example, Dokholyan's lab found evidence that «trimer» structures made of just three copies of the SOD1 protein are toxic to the type of neuron affected in ALS.

For this particular study, the research team created a small library consisting of different fly lines; in each line, a different set of specific neurons was genetically labeled and could be artificially activated, with each neuron type secreting a different neuropeptide.

The ~ 200 GB of data for each brain was then analyzed with machine learning algorithms that identify individual neurons by type, according to parameters «learned» from human experts.

«Our findings open up exciting opportunities for further studying the roles of different types of neurons in health and disease,» said joint first - author Kwang Lee, a UCLA postdoctoral researcher in neurobiology.

Action potentials can be created by many types of cells, but are used most extensively by the nervous system for communication between neurons and to transmit information from neurons to other body tissues such as muscles and glands.

ALD, for instance, is caused by mutations in a gene called ABCD1, leading to unusually high levels of a type of fatty acid that damages the material insulating some neurons.

«If you had a hunch that a certain type of neuron might be important for a particular behavior,» he says, «you could use this technique to see if that's the case — to find out whether activating those neurons elicits the behavior artificially.»

Duke University biologist Pelin Volkan and colleagues have identified a set of genetic control switches that interact early in a fly's development to generate dozens of types of olfactory neurons, specialized nerve cells for smell.

Given that there are a number of different types of neurons in the cerebral cortex and that there are many areas where the neurons do things other than help with memory, you can see how one billion is a conservative estimate I hoped would be useful for understanding the storage capacity of the human brain.

For the first time researchers have linked a group of neurons to a specific type of somatosensation, a finding that can open the door for a heightened understanding about our sense of touFor the first time researchers have linked a group of neurons to a specific type of somatosensation, a finding that can open the door for a heightened understanding about our sense of toufor a heightened understanding about our sense of touch.

Researchers should be able to cultivate iPS cells into cell types they want to study — for example, dopamine neurons in the case of Parkinson's or pancreatic cells for diabetes — and find out where and how they go wrong.

The ability for neurons to tune into different frequencies of gamma waves provides a way for the brain to traffic different types of information across the same neuronal circuits.

«This type of performance can allow for real - time applications using quite simple processors,» says Dr Wiederman, who is leading the project, and who developed the original motion sensing mechanism after recording the responses of neurons in the dragonfly brain.

«Because of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, we were able to work with other researchers to make patient cells into any type of neuron,» said Young - Pearse, whose lab spent two years fine - tuning protocols with collaborators to generate the neurons needed for her early onset Alzheimer's study.

There is one hope for escaping the morass of infinite variation: neuron types.

We'll assume that each model is valid for all neurons of that type in all normal brain, much as we assume that all resistors behave the same way in any electronic device.

A good example of compartmentalization is observed in a specialized type of light - sensing neurons found in the retina, the photoreceptors, which are made up of different compartments containing specific proteins essential for vision.

«This knowledge is crucial for developing new treatments for not just Parkinson's disease, but also for addiction, ADHD and bipolar disorder, as all of these diseases are associated with some type of disorder in the function of the dopamine neurons, and specifically in the dopamine transporter,» states Kopra.

We should compile a catalog of all the neuron types, a «parts list» for the brain, and then construct a model for each type.

The parts list for the human brain is longer, so it will take many years of effort to model every neuron type in the human brain.

Markram's laboratory has characterized the electrical properties of many neocortical neuron types through experiments in vitro, and constructed a model for each.

For their experiments, the team isolated the nuclei of three types of neurons: excitatory neurons and two kinds of inhibitory neurons, PV interneurons and VIP interneurons.

«Although the two types of inhibitory neurons are very similar to each other in terms of morphology, synaptic connectivity, and the kinds of small molecules they use for signaling, they're very different in terms of the methylation pattern.

Researchers from Hiroki Taniguchi's lab at the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) published a study in eNeuro in May 2017 showing for the first time that a unique type of inhibitory interneuron called chandelier cells — which are implicated in several diseases affecting the brain such as schizophrenia and epilepsy — seem to develop their connections differently than other types of neurons.

Neuroscientists now know, however, that it is common for neurons to release a classical transmitter with another type of messenger, such as a gas (nitric oxide, for instance) or a neuropeptide (a small protein that can act as a transmitter).

Though this information - maximizing theory has been tested in a few types of behavior, Sharpee and others believe it could provide a basis for a larger, unified framework for understanding different types of behavior across species, cells, neurons and even larger scale phenomenon, such as resource allocation.

«By interfering with the activity of sensory neurons, we may be able to inhibit multiple types of itching,» said principal investigator Zhou - Feng Chen, PhD, director of the university's Center for the Study of Itch.

For female mice — which had no such neurons to begin with — exposure to male urine had no effect on the types of neurons in their noses.

In the basal ganglia — a complex system of neurons in the brain responsible for, among other things, procedural learning — Bottjer and Achiro were able to isolate two different types of neurons in young songbirds: ones that were activated only when the birds heard themselves singing, and others that were activated only when the birds heard the songs of adult birds that they were trying to imitate.

Humans, to be human, don't need to have evolved unique genes that code for entirely novel types of neurons or neurotransmitters, or a more complex hippocampus (with resulting improvements in memory), or a more complex frontal cortex (from which we gain the ability to postpone gratification).

Multipotency or multidifferentiative potential - the ability to generate progeny of several distinct cell types, for example both glial cells and neurons, opposed to unipotency - restriction to a single - cell type.

This would allow connections to grow between multiple types of neurons found in distant parts of the brain,» said Dr. Marianela Garcia Munoz, Group Leader of the Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit.

Neuregulin 1, for example, activates an entirely different set of proteins in other types of neurons.

Astrocytes, one type of glial cells are the supporting cells for survival and function of neurons in the brain by secreting many kinds of neuroprotective molecules.

«This type of rapid regulation was not known to exist and has only been discovered in the last year for hunger neurons and for vasopressin neurons,» said Lowell.

The observation of a cut - off point at which the progenitor cells can not make some neuron types extends «a word of caution for people interested in using stem cells» to resolve neurological problems, says neuroscientist Paula Monaghan of University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania.

Two types of neurons are needed for the cerebral cortex to operate harmoniously: excitators (80 %), which are responsible for transmitting information to other regions of the brain, and inhibitors (20 %), which govern the activity of the excitators.

For the first 5 years, Spalding worked on finding an effective way of separating the roughly 20 million neurons in the dentate gyrus from other types of hippocampal cells and then extracting their DNA.

In research published this week in the Journal of Neuroscience, University at Buffalo scientists and colleagues focused on a particular protein, called a transcription factor, that regulates gene activity necessary for the development of one type of retinal neuron, the horizontal cells.

For the moment, Blue Brain scientists study rodent brain tissue and characterize different types of neurons to excruciating detail, recording their electrical properties, shapes, sizes, and how they connect.

The Zeng lab has developed a robust, scalable protocol that allows for the efficient production of the type and quantity of dopamine - producing neurons needed for clinical trials.

This type of noninvasive approach to optogenetics could also represent a step toward developing optogenetic treatments for diseases such as epilepsy, which could be controlled by shutting off misfiring neurons that cause seizures, Boyden says.

Optogenetics, a technique developed over the past 15 years, has become a common laboratory tool for shutting off or stimulating specific types of neurons in the brain, allowing neuroscientists to learn much more about their functions.

The current focus of Dr. Trakhtenberg's research is on solving the fundamental problem of the failure of CNS projection neurons to regenerate injured axons and developing translational approaches for treating optic neuropathies (eg, glaucoma) and other types of CNS injuries.

For example, they found that the genes cut and numb, among others, influence the identity and type of neurons made by their progenitors, and that the fruit fly gene atonal is implicated in vision and hearing.

The system, originally developed in 2007 and refined by Wall and Callaway for targeting specific cell types in 2010, uses a modified version of the rabies virus to «infect» a brain region, which in turn targets neurons that are connected to it.

Teitell used embryonic stem cell lines that made different types of neurons and studied them with array CGH for comparison.

The focus of my laboratory is on exploring novel approaches for solving the fundamental problem of the failure of CNS projection neurons to regenerate injured axons and developing translational approaches for treating optic neuropathies (e.g., glaucoma) and other types of CNS injuries.