Sentences with phrase «types of neurons found»

They are also working with collaborators to start classifying the thousands of types of neurons found in the brain.

This would allow connections to grow between multiple types of neurons found in distant parts of the brain,» said Dr. Marianela Garcia Munoz, Group Leader of the Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit.

There is nothing extraneous here in this painting of two pyramidal cells, a type of neuron found in the cerebellum and hippocampus.

Apparently our gut holds the same type of neurons found in brain so the gut is indeed our second brain.

Not exact matches

The study found an increased risk of cardiac schwannoma, a tumor type that typically originates from cells found in neurons.

The team cemented its finding by noting the mice's neurons» ability to undergo long - term potentiation — a type of response to stimulation, which has been implicated in learning processes — after gene function was restored.

In the direct reprogramming, the researchers exposed the adult skin cells to a specific mix of signaling molecules the scientists» past research had found would convert healthy skin cells directly into a type of brain cell called medium spiny neurons, without intermediate steps along the way.

Then the researchers doused dengue - spreading mosquitoes with a chemical that shuts down the mosquitoes» ability to detect CO2 by blocking a receptor called neuron — cpA, a type of sensory cell found on a small pair of antennalike structures near the mouth called the maxillary palps.

In a 2016 study, for example, Dokholyan's lab found evidence that «trimer» structures made of just three copies of the SOD1 protein are toxic to the type of neuron affected in ALS.

«By observing entorhinal - hippocampal neurons based on their birthdate, we realized that these cells were somehow special and very different from the other surrounding cell types, which was instrumental to find out how and to what extent they influenced the assembly of the network.»

«Our findings open up exciting opportunities for further studying the roles of different types of neurons in health and disease,» said joint first - author Kwang Lee, a UCLA postdoctoral researcher in neurobiology.

«If you had a hunch that a certain type of neuron might be important for a particular behavior,» he says, «you could use this technique to see if that's the case — to find out whether activating those neurons elicits the behavior artificially.»

For the first time researchers have linked a group of neurons to a specific type of somatosensation, a finding that can open the door for a heightened understanding about our sense of touch.

Researchers should be able to cultivate iPS cells into cell types they want to study — for example, dopamine neurons in the case of Parkinson's or pancreatic cells for diabetes — and find out where and how they go wrong.

If the gene expression profile of a neuronal type is measured, then the model predicts where in the brain that type of neuron can be found.»

To conduct the study, scientists took dental pulp cells from donated baby teeth of three children with diagnoses of non-syndromic autism (part of the on - going «Tooth Fairy Project») and reprogrammed the cells to become either neurons or astrocytes, a type of glia or support cell abundantly found in the brain.

They found that individual neurons in mPFC became activated in response to both «go» and «stop» environmental cues, suggesting that it may play a role in both types of control.

Mamelak and Rutishauser found that if a neuron's response to an image synchronizes with a type of brain wave called a theta rhythm, the person is much more likely to remember what was shown.

«This finding suggests that there are two different types of neurons, ESP1 and predator neurons, and only the former controls sexual behaviors in female mice,» explains Touhara.

«Here we examined the performance of sensory and motor neurons in short - term memory, and found that both neuron types had impaired performance in old Aplysia.»

A good example of compartmentalization is observed in a specialized type of light - sensing neurons found in the retina, the photoreceptors, which are made up of different compartments containing specific proteins essential for vision.

Linda Buck of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Richard Axel of Columbia University, both winners of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, have found that the human nose contains about 1,000 different types of olfactory neurons, each type able to detect a particular set of chemicals.

Further, the researchers found that MMP - 9 can be detected not just in lumbar 5 neurons, but also in other types of motor neurons affected by ALS.

By comparing hippocampal and cortical neurons in mono - culture (with other cells of the same type) and in co-culture (both cell types deposited within one device), the research showed that some features from hippocampal cells, like the percentage of action potential spikes found in bursts, were significantly higher when cultured together with cortical cells.

Generally, scientists try to find a unique marker, a sort of molecular signature, to distinguish one type of neuron from the many others in the brain.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) scientists have profiled key features of the genetic material inside three types of brain cells and found vast differences in the patterns of chemical modifications that affect how the genes in each type of neuron are regulated.

«Our main challenge was to find the right timing and concentration of the signaling molecules that would yield V2a interneurons instead of other neuronal cell types, such as motor neurons,» said first author Jessica Butts, a graduate student in the McDevitt lab.

In June the team announced that the cells had given rise to almost every type of tissue — neurons, blood, liver, muscle, and more (researchers have not yet spotted sperm or egg tissue but hope to find them).

The cortex is the thin layer of cells on the surface of the brain that governs many functions, and in elephants it contains a greater variety of cell types (such as the extensively branched neuron pictured above) than is found in more frequently studied animals such as rodents and primates.

Using genetic tools to activate these two neuron types with light, the scientists found that stimulating one neuron type caused mice to stop breathing completely, trapping them in a state of exhalation.

Early in postnatal development, before this bouquet of cells makes connections with other types of neurons, the cells engage in cross-talk among themselves, Michael Hausser has found.

A unique feature of this DREADD system not found in other methods is that it is not limited to the control of neurons — activity levels of certain enzymes in almost every tissue type can be controlled to probe mechanisms of basic cellular function.

They found that the combination of the transcription factors Brn3a plus Ngn1, or Brn3a plus Ngn2, reprogrammed a significant percentage of the embryonic mouse fibroblasts into what looked — and acted — like mature DRG - type sensory neurons.

These problems are caused by a type of white blood cells called T cells that, after becoming activated, find their way into the brain and attack the protective covering — myelin — of neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation and damage to the central nervous system.

The ability of scientists to convert human skin cells into other cell types, such as neurons, has the potential to enhance understanding of disease and lead to finding new ways to heal damaged tissues and organs, a field called regenerative medicine.

«New type of neuron that plays key role in nicotine addiction found.»

For the first 5 years, Spalding worked on finding an effective way of separating the roughly 20 million neurons in the dentate gyrus from other types of hippocampal cells and then extracting their DNA.

They also found that the disruption of the connectivity of these cells during brain development causes alterations in brain oscillatory activity and disturbs the function of place cells, a type of pyramidal neuron that becomes active when an animal is located in a particular place in its environment.

In studies of neural development in mice, Stahl found that TRNP1 produces a protein that determines whether neural stem cells self - replicate, leading to a balloonlike expansion of cortical surface area, or whether they differentiate into a plethora of intermediate stem cell types and neurons, thickening the cortex and forming more complex brain structures.

These cells also showed early markers that are specific to developing Purkinje cells, granule cells, or deep cerebellar projection neurons — all types of neurons only found in the cerebellum.

How much of it a cell sends across the synapse varies with the type of neuron on the receiving end, they found.

«So the total yield of graft - derived neurons and glia (a type of brain cell that supports neurons) were much higher than the number of implanted cells, and we found that in both the young and aged hippocampus, without much difference between the two.»

By selectively manipulating the different types of neurons in this region, they found that one set of neurons controlled pursuit, and another controlled the kill.

He has found that different receptors and neurons contribute to different types of olfactory behaviors, which are further modified with experience.

For example, they found that the genes cut and numb, among others, influence the identity and type of neurons made by their progenitors, and that the fruit fly gene atonal is implicated in vision and hearing.

We've been able to bridge those findings to human studies, developing ways to both look for those neurons in the retina, see whether or not they're sick using imaging techniques that Alf and Vivek have developed, and clinical tests along with Jeff Goldberg in order to detect whether or not patients are losing an excessive amount of those kinds of neurons by virtue of different types of field testing.

Jin found that types of neurons damaged in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease can broadcast the signals for starting or stopping newly learned action sequences.

Some cells differentiated themselves into various types of the nerve cells (neurons) found in several brain regions, while others remained «neural progenitors,» creating a reservoir of potential neurons to be used later.

The site was able to find many expected similarities between the different types of neurons, and some similarities that were a surprise to researchers.

The text mining software found the portions of each paper that identified the type of neuron studied and then isolated the electrophysiological data related to the properties of that neuronal type.