Sentences with phrase «types of uncertainties in»

This issue brief identifies the major types of uncertainties in water quality trading markets and summarizes the various mechanisms that could be used to address them.

«Novice readers were unable to identify the two different types of uncertainties in this graph without substantial guidance,» the Zurich researchers wrote.

Not exact matches

It is not surprising that the financing of early - stage creative projects and ventures is typically geographically localized since these types of funding decisions are usually predicated on personal relationships and due diligence requiring face - to - face interactions in response to high levels of risk, uncertainty, and information asymmetry.

There are hotspots globally, and there is policy uncertainty in the United States, but again, we've been focused on the emerging market theme because we have found that economies that we used to think of as politically unstable have actually proved to be less so as they pursue more orthodox types of policies.

It is an acknowledgement that a desert of ignorance exists in the midst of every oasis of understanding... This (approach) is not then some temporary place of uncertainty on the way to spiritual maturity, but rather is something that operates within faith as a type of heat - inducing friction that prevents our liquid images of the divine from cooling and solidifying into idolatrous form.»

A few months ago Seligman convened a conference to discuss the resources for this type of religion in the three great monotheistic traditions (it was, indeed, an ecumenical gathering of «uncertainty - wallahs»!).

«People are likely to react with little fear to certain types of objectively dangerous risk that evolution has not prepared them for, such as guns, hamburgers, automobiles, smoking, and unsafe sex, even when they recognize the threat at a cognitive level,» says Carnegie Mellon University researcher George Loewenstein, whose seminal 2001 paper, «Risk as Feelings,» (pdf) debunked theories that decision making in the face of risk or uncertainty relies largely on reason.

She adds, however, that although there is good evidence that countershading acts as a defense mechanism, there will always be some uncertainty about interpreting countershading in dinosaurs, because we can't present a model Psittacosaurus to their natural predators to see which type of pattern provides the best protection.

We furthermore classify 138,600 targets in Campaigns 1 - 8 (~ 88 % of the full target sample) using colors, proper motions, spectroscopy, parallaxes, and galactic population synthesis models, with typical uncertainties for G - type stars of ~ 3 % in Teff, ~ 0.3 dex in log (g), ~ 40 % in radius, ~ 10 % in mass, and ~ 40 % in distance.

In addition, model intercomparison studies do not quantify the range of uncertainty associated with a specific aerosol process, nor does this type of uncertainty analysis provide much information on which aerosol process needs improving the most.

To me the uncertainty of being to find matches is as a big of issue as their TOS (which is the basic TOS you find in all sites which leads to them to not be liable etc which I don't like), their expense, and the nature of the dating world (simply because it's online doesn't mean success or that it will be easier... unfortunately it depends on whether you're the type of person that is lucky, has the personality that works with a lot of people, your beliefs etc...)

Due to the amount of uncertainty in these types of mortgage rates, most lenders secure their earnings by charging higher interest rates on their second adjustable rate mortgages.

Here they are in a nutshell: The ARM loan starts off with a lower rate than the fixed type of loan, but it has the uncertainty of adjustments later on.

We believe that the poor economy, high unemployment, tight credit markets, and heightened uncertainty in financial markets during the past two years have adversely impacted discretionary consumer spending, including spending on the types of electronic devices that are accessorized by our products.

To mitigate a particular type of risk uncertainty in an individual investment, derivative hedging, such as futures, options and swaps, has been widely used to smooth out expected future price fluctuations.

Trends and Economic Environment: We believe that the deteriorating economic conditions, rising unemployment, tight credit markets, and heightened uncertainty in financial markets during the past 18 months have adversely impacted discretionary consumer spending, including spending on the types of electronic devices that are accessorized by our products.

In addition they vary in types by level and you can never be quite certain what the game will throw at you next, it is the constant uncertainty that made each level that much more of a thrilIn addition they vary in types by level and you can never be quite certain what the game will throw at you next, it is the constant uncertainty that made each level that much more of a thrilin types by level and you can never be quite certain what the game will throw at you next, it is the constant uncertainty that made each level that much more of a thrill.

The assessment based on these results typically takes into account the number of studies, the extent to which there is consensus among studies on the significance of detection results, the extent to which there is consensus on the consistency between the observed change and the change expected from forcing, the degree of consistency with other types of evidence, the extent to which known uncertainties are accounted for in and between studies, and whether there might be other physically plausible explanations for the given climate change.

These uncertainties are reflected in the model simulations of aerosol concentrations which all show similar total amounts, but have very different partitions among the different types.

To establish this uncertainty in the ice - volume record (Schweiger et al. 2011), we spent a significant effort drawing on most types of available observations of ice thickness thanks to a convenient compilation of ice thickness data (Lindsay, 2010).

It is my understanding that the uncertainties regarding climate sensitivity to a nominal 2XCO2 forcing is primarily a function of the uncertainties in (1) future atmospheric aerosol concentrations; both sulfate - type (cooling) and black carbon - type (warming), (2) feedbacks associated with aerosol effects on the properties of clouds (e.g. will cloud droplets become more reflective?)

However, from what I've been able to learn from the people who actually do this type of research, there are simply too many variables and too many uncertainties in the field of climate science to make the sort of claims being made by advocates of the so - called «consensus» view.

Do you feed in this type of information into your uncertainty analysis?

Winter storms and other types of severe storms have greater uncertainties in their recent trends and projections, compared to hurricanes (Key Message 8).

Comparisons of the type performed here need to be made with an appreciation of the uncertainties in the historical estimates of radiative forcing and various sampling issues in the observations.

The IAC Review made recommendations regarding, inter alia: IPCC's management structure; a communications strategy, including a plan to respond to crises; transparency, including criteria for selecting participants and the type of scientific and technical information to be assessed; and consistency in how the WGs characterize uncertainty.

In my uncertainty monster piece, i carefully distinguish between the two types in terms of the monster detective category (scientists, merchants of doubt, auditorsIn my uncertainty monster piece, i carefully distinguish between the two types in terms of the monster detective category (scientists, merchants of doubt, auditorsin terms of the monster detective category (scientists, merchants of doubt, auditors).

True skeptics understand that given the type and level of uncertainty (arguably most of what we deal with in climate other than direct observations), uncertainty is not «quantifiable» as in a pdf or something, but should be characterized in other ways.

Of all the factors where uncertainties in forest hydrology and runoff remain, perhaps the most significant were the effects of soil types, long - term climate variability, and climate changOf all the factors where uncertainties in forest hydrology and runoff remain, perhaps the most significant were the effects of soil types, long - term climate variability, and climate changof soil types, long - term climate variability, and climate change.

Of course, this relies on the uncertainty in the regional TYPE 4 climate projection OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE STATISTICS IN THE COMING DECADES being small enough for the information to be useful in a risk assessment procesOf course, this relies on the uncertainty in the regional TYPE 4 climate projection OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE STATISTICS IN THE COMING DECADES being small enough for the information to be useful in a risk assessment procesin the regional TYPE 4 climate projection OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE STATISTICS IN THE COMING DECADES being small enough for the information to be useful in a risk assessment procesOF CHANGES IN CLIMATE STATISTICS IN THE COMING DECADES being small enough for the information to be useful in a risk assessment procesIN CLIMATE STATISTICS IN THE COMING DECADES being small enough for the information to be useful in a risk assessment procesIN THE COMING DECADES being small enough for the information to be useful in a risk assessment procesin a risk assessment process.

As I will discuss in Parts II and III of the Decision Making Under Climate Uncertainty series (I will get back to that soon I hope), there are a lot of other types of studies and analyses that climate scientists might be doing to support decision making, that the current focus of the IPCC is arguably distracting from.

Indeed, in your first example you conflate the two types of question, starting with a hypothesis «most of the observed warming is anthropogenic» and concluding with an estimate of proportion «My assignment allows the anthropogenic influence to be as large as 70 % and as small as 30 %, leaving plenty of room for natural variability and uncertainties.»

Why isn't a TCR type of simulation, but instead using actual history and 200 year projected GHG levels in the atmosphere, that would produce results similar to a TCR simulation (at least for the AGW temp increase that would occur when the CO2 level is doubled) and would result in much less uncertainty than ECS (as assessed by climate model dispersions), a more appropriate metric for a 300 year forecast, since it takes the climate more than 1000 years to equilibrate to the hypothesized ECS value, and we have only uncertain methods to check the computed ECS value with actual physical data?

This all I believe is corroboration of Nic's recent energy balance estimates of ECS especially Nic's statement that uncertainty in aerosol forcing is the biggest uncertainty in this type of calculation.

I fully accept we need more and better data of the Vostok type to reduce such uncertainties, but in the meantime they're the best data we have.

The Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties impose upon the lead authors to assign subjective levels of confidence to their findings: «The AR5 will rely on two metrics for communicating the degree of certainty in key findings: 1 Confidence in the validity of a finding, based on the type, amount, quality, and consistency of evidence (e.g., mechanistic understanding, theory, data, models, expert judgment) and the degree of agreement.

Most of the systemic «Type B» uncertainties in climate change have not been dealt with — eg ignoring the PDO etc, Hurst - Kolgomorov persistence, low level driving of coupled oscillators by solar / cosmic / planetary influences.

The 2 types of data are totally unrelated, and a 20 % uncertainty in the estimate of CO2 change due to Deforestation is unrelated to the error in measurement of CO2 increase in PPM over the years, which is highly accurate based on spectroscopy, and duplicated at many sites over the globe.

Because of uncertainty in which type of dendrites to specify for the model simulations, we ran two sets of simulations, with high - and low - density dendrites and aggregates.

This difference in purpose from carbon removal and mitigation, as well as the novel risks and uncertainties introduced by this new type of climate influence, will require separate governance and ethics considerations.

But your example is also useful in allowing us to consider the interplay between the two types of uncertainty.

In UKCIP08, for example, we are handling this problem by combining results from two different types of ensemble data: One is a systematic sampling of the uncertainties in a single model, obtained by changing uncertain parameters that control the climate system; the other is a multi-model ensemble obtained by pooling results from alternative models developed at different international centerIn UKCIP08, for example, we are handling this problem by combining results from two different types of ensemble data: One is a systematic sampling of the uncertainties in a single model, obtained by changing uncertain parameters that control the climate system; the other is a multi-model ensemble obtained by pooling results from alternative models developed at different international centerin a single model, obtained by changing uncertain parameters that control the climate system; the other is a multi-model ensemble obtained by pooling results from alternative models developed at different international centers.

Viewing the statistical analysis from a more fundamental level will help to clarify some of the methodologies used in surface temperature reconstruction and highlight the different types of uncertainties associated with these various methods.

Further, kludging and neglect of ontic uncertainty in the tuning can result in a model that is over - or under - sensitive to certain types or scales of forcing.

A different type of uncertainty arises in systems that are either chaotic or not fully deterministic in nature and this also limits our ability to project all aspects of climate change.

Interpretation and Uncertainty Quantification of Climate and Integrated Earth System Models I Location: 3003 (Moscone West) Abstract Title: The Past as Prologue: Learning from the Climate Changes in Past Centuries (Invited) Final Paper Number: A32D - 02 Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Presentation Date and Time: December 5, 2012; 10:30 AM to 10:50 AM Presentation Length: 20 minutes Session Title: A32D.

This type of education can empower survivors to make an informed decision about what to do after an assault (even if they choose not to go to the police) and can reduce the uncertainty and stress associated with navigating the justice system in the aftermath of sexualized violence.

Life insurance, meanwhile, generates an estate, diminishes the financial uncertainty of passing away too soon, grants the beneficiary a specified amount at death of the policyholder in exchange for a premium which is determined by sex, age, type of insurance, amount of death benefit and health.

It is a government undertaking and provides all types of insurance required today in the world of uncertainty.

Relational maintenance in on - again / off - again relationships: An assessment of how relational maintenance, uncertainty, and relational quality vary by relationship type and status.