Each neural dust mote possesses a piezoelectric crystal that can convert mechanical power from
ultrasonic pulses broadcast from outside the body into electrical power.
The researchers uncovered for the first time that the Pallas long - tongued bat use echolocation — a complex physical trait that involves the production, reception and auditory processing
of ultrasonic pulses for detecting unseen obstacles or tracking down prey.
The technology uses a miniature optical fibre encased within a customised clinical needle to deliver a brief pulse of light which
generates ultrasonic pulses.
To form the film, the researchers mixed a type of clay that sheds layers when exposed to
ultrasonic pulses with water and a polymer to stick the layers together.
In their instrument, terahertz waves travel down one wire and back up the other, conveying information about targets in the body much
as ultrasonic pulses do in echolocation.
Porsche's Mission E concept uses this technology, and engineers at Jaguar Land Rover hope to push the technology even further with ultrahaptics, a technology that monitors your fingers and
directs ultrasonic pulses through the air toward your fingertips so you can feel vibration feedback.
However, radio waves are not good at reaching deep within the body, while decades of ultrasonic imaging has revealed that
ultrasonic pulses are very good at penetrating soft tissues, says researcher Michel Maharbiz, an electrical engineer at the University of California at Berkeley.
This was translated into
an ultrasonic pulse, which stimulated the rat's motor cortex, causing its tail to move.
Meanwhile, an anaesthetised rat was hooked up to a device that made the creature's neurons fire whenever it delivered
an ultrasonic pulse to the rat's brain.
Reflections of
these ultrasonic pulses from tissue are detected by a sensor on a second optical fibre, giving real - time ultrasound imaging to guide surgery.
The material mixes a type of clay that sheds layers when exposed to
ultrasonic pulses, a sticky polymer and water.