Sentences with phrase «uncertain effects of»

Water demand looks set to rise and, together with the uncertain effects of future climate change, this puts water planners under considerable pressure.

If similar numbers hold for the Indus system — and how likely that is, this writer does not know — then we are back once again to the uncertain effects of global warming upon the monsoons.

The uncertain effect of feedback between climate and clouds is one of the largest obstacles to producing more confident projections of global climate.

Not exact matches

«The full effect of Brexit is uncertain and depends on any agreements the United Kingdom may make to retain access to European Union markets,» the filing reads.

The changes come even as Powell conceded during his first press conference that the likely economic effects of the new fiscal - policy measures were «very uncertain.»

These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect of lowering prices or reducing the number of insured patients; the possibility of unfavorable results from clinical trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of these products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

At the same time, Americans, regardless of party, are largely uncertain what effect the new tax law has had on their own taxes.

«The effects of recently enacted tax changes — while still uncertain — might be somewhat larger in the near term than previously thought,» said the meeting account, which the Fed published Wednesday after a standard three - week delay.

[7] In fact, however, because proxy access» effect will be to increase the number of short slates, albeit to an uncertain extent, its impact on corporate governance likely will be analogous to that of cumulative voting.

The panel concluded it was uncertain whether Enbridge could successfully mitigate impacts on caribou populations and that there was insufficient knowledge on the effects of vessel traffic and noise on marine species.

Although this effect is very uncertain, we have incorporated a shock of minus 0.3 per cent by the end of 2018, which is about half of our revision to the export outlook.

The negative effects of lower oil prices hit the economy right away, and the various positives - more exports because of a stronger U.S. economy and a lower dollar, and more consumption spending as households spend less on fuel - will arrive only gradually, and are of uncertain size.

Gigging reflects the endlessly personalizable values of our own era, but its social effects, untried by time, remain uncertain.

For the sake of simplicity, some diagrams may not include relatively small or uncertain effects.

Referring to the tendency of converts to resort to non-Christian practices to ward off the «evil» effects of «former gods,» Bishop Hodges wrote, «The Pulayas are often found to be uncertain and foolish as children, and easily led away.

In January 2013 the non-governmental organisation Sustain, supported by 61 health organisations, called for a 20 pence per litre excise duty on sugar sweetened drinks.4 In February, the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges called for a 20 % tax on sugar sweetened drinks as part of its enquiry into clinical and public health solutions to the obesity epidemic.1 Although the UK government has indicated a preference for voluntary approaches to the control of obesity, it has not ruled out fiscal measures.14 Clearly, the idea of a sugar sweetened drink tax is gaining traction in the UK, but its effect on health remains uncertain.

Despite the NFL's overwhelming success, pro football's future is uncertain due to the growing undercurrent of concern about head trauma and the long - term effects of concussions caused by the sport (and yes, a $ 765M settlement is still an undercurrent in a multi-billion-dollar business).

The effects on the club of uncertain, divided direction and erratic trading policies are now being felt.

In 1997, I listened to an average doctor describe in no uncertain terms the possible lasting effects of compounding brain injuries include memory loss, dementia and excruciating headaches.

On the other hand, advanced maternal age is associated with a more stable family environment, higher socio - economic position, higher income and better living conditions, as well as better parenting practices, [14] but it is more or less uncertain whether these entities are effects of advanced maternal age, are contributors to advanced maternal age, or common effects of a certain state such as personality type.

➡ It is uncertain what the effects of alternative ways of providing emergency obstetric care are on stillbirths or perinatal mortality.

However, it is uncertain what the effects of alternative ways of providing emergency obstetric care are on stillbirths or perinatal mortality (very low - certainty evidence)(Yakoob 2011).

In addition, the effect of early discharge on the cost of care is uncertain (very low - certainty evidence).

The result of the referendum on 18 September is very uncertain, but its effects have already been felt.

Their dilemma is over whether to implement further structural reform in the frame of the Eurozone, knowing that these measures could take longer to take effect than what is politically acceptable, or exit the Euro in order to regain competitiveness through a sharp currency devaluation and face huge upfront costs and an uncertain future.

Instead of providing a nice, neat and clear answer, the findings showed that the effect of future climate change on agriculture is wildly uncertain.

Although the magnitudes of future effects are uncertain, human influences on the climate are growing.

The results for breast cancer are in line with previous research, but the true effect of alcohol on risk of ischaemic heart disease remains uncertain, say the editorial authors.

The researchers evaluated the quality of the evidence for the short - term effects as moderate; the long - term effects are uncertain, as few trials measured this.

The long - term effects of main active chemical in marijuana, THC, are uncertain

He says the law may not effect much change in areas with strong pockets of vaccine - refusing parents, but he hopes more of the parents feeling uncertain about immunization will realize the benefits after getting accurate information from a health care professional.

It draws attention to the effects that global warming is having in diminishing glaciers, leaving the future of polar bears decidedly uncertain.

«The range of possibilities concerning walleye biomass shows that the potential effect to this species is highly uncertain,» Cooke said.

It is uncertain, however, whether the positive effect of natural vitamin A shown in the study can also be achieved through dietary supplements.

Bärbel Hönisch, a marine biologist and geochemist at Columbia University's Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory, points out that «none of these strategies has been tested over the long term, and the potential effects on the ecosystem are uncertain.»

For one, scientists don't know what the receptors control aside from breathing, so the side effects of enhancing them are uncertain, says Patrice Guyenet, a neuropharmacologist at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville.

Among the most uncertain elements in climate models are the effects of aerosols and their interactions with clouds — just the things involved in albedo modification — she says.

It is uncertain whether other school districts can replicate these effects, because they depend on factors that many have little control over (including the local supply of high - performing teachers), as well as those they do control (for instance, the introduction of meaningful teacher evaluation).

She added: «Some doctors have been hesitant to prescribe statins in patients with very low LDL - C because of uncertain benefit and the risk of side effects with statins.

Future patterns are uncertain, she says; 15th - century epidemiologists did not predict the «devastating» effects of syphilis in subsequent centuries.

This is especially important when the causes and long - range effects of a phenomenon are uncertain.

However, researchers are quick to add that the effects of long - term inhalation of airborne PCBs are still uncertain.

Although prescribing this approach with the intent of helping to prevent myopia would appear to have no risk, parents should understand that the magnitude of the effect is likely to be small and the durability is uncertain.»

Climate change effects on the geographical distribution and incidence of vector - borne diseases in other countries where these diseases are already found can also affect North Americans, especially as a result of increasing trade with, and travel to, tropical and subtropical areas.63, 197 Whether climate change in the U.S. will increase the chances of domestically acquiring diseases such as dengue fever is uncertain, due to vector - control efforts and lifestyle factors, such as time spent indoors, that reduce human - insect contact.

This combination of uncertain projections, local and global effects, and potential for human adaptation makes it difficult to attribute current, much less future, changes and trends in Montana agriculture solely to climate change.

The earth and its ecological processes are changing at unprecedented rates due to human activity; the effects of these changes are uncertain.

Although it is uncertain how much brain progranulin would need to increase for a therapeutic effect, reaching the lower limit of normal, which is commonly defined as the fifth percentile of the control group (2 SDs below the control group mean), is a reasonable estimate.

In humans the effect is uncertain, as the impact of supplemental vitamin C varies widely by study.

Similar effects were observed in another one, where people with a high fat, low carb breakfast reported feeling less tense, not as uncertain, drowsy or muddled, compared to other participants with different types of breakfast.

For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability of neurons by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception of its use in the treatment of convulsion diseases.