The total AF
uncertainty estimate of ± 0.87 W / m ² in Table 8.7 equates to an error standard deviation of 0.44 W / m ², which is taken as applying for 2002 — 2011.
A sound prior is a key ingredient in the process to reach a consensus low -
uncertainty estimate of climate sensitivity to inform climate policy.»
The standard deviation of the ensemble is 0.38 million km2 which we provide as
uncertainty estimate of the prediction.
«Our results show that
the uncertainty estimates of greenhouse gas inventories depend on the calculation method and on how the input data for the model, such as weather and litterfall data, have been averaged,» says Aleksi Lehtonen, researcher at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke).
Wang, Y - H., G. Magnusdottir, H. Stern, X. Tian and Y. Yu, 2014:
Uncertainty estimates of the North Atlantic Oscilation.
Not exact matches
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such forward - looking statements and that should be considered in evaluating our outlook include, but are not limited to, the following: 1) our ability to continue to grow our business and execute our growth strategy, including the timing, execution, and profitability
of new and maturing programs; 2) our ability to perform our obligations under our new and maturing commercial, business aircraft, and military development programs, and the related recurring production; 3) our ability to accurately
estimate and manage performance, cost, and revenue under our contracts, including our ability to achieve certain cost reductions with respect to the B787 program; 4) margin pressures and the potential for additional forward losses on new and maturing programs; 5) our ability to accommodate, and the cost
of accommodating, announced increases in the build rates
of certain aircraft; 6) the effect on aircraft demand and build rates
of changing customer preferences for business aircraft, including the effect
of global economic conditions on the business aircraft market and expanding conflicts or political unrest in the Middle East or Asia; 7) customer cancellations or deferrals as a result
of global economic
uncertainty or otherwise; 8) the effect
of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which we operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; 9) the success and timely execution
of key milestones such as the receipt
of necessary regulatory approvals, including our ability to obtain in a timely fashion any required regulatory or other third party approvals for the consummation
of our announced acquisition
of Asco, and customer adherence to their announced schedules; 10) our ability to successfully negotiate, or re-negotiate, future pricing under our supply agreements with Boeing and our other customers; 11) our ability to enter into profitable supply arrangements with additional customers; 12) the ability
of all parties to satisfy their performance requirements under existing supply contracts with our two major customers, Boeing and Airbus, and other customers, and the risk
of nonpayment by such customers; 13) any adverse impact on Boeing's and Airbus» production
of aircraft resulting from cancellations, deferrals, or reduced orders by their customers or from labor disputes, domestic or international hostilities, or acts
of terrorism; 14) any adverse impact on the demand for air travel or our operations from the outbreak
of diseases or epidemic or pandemic outbreaks; 15) our ability to avoid or recover from cyber-based or other security attacks, information technology failures, or other disruptions; 16) returns on pension plan assets and the impact
of future discount rate changes on pension obligations; 17) our ability to borrow additional funds or refinance debt, including our ability to obtain the debt to finance the purchase price for our announced acquisition
of Asco on favorable terms or at all; 18) competition from commercial aerospace original equipment manufacturers and other aerostructures suppliers; 19) the effect
of governmental laws, such as U.S. export control laws and U.S. and foreign anti-bribery laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom Bribery Act, and environmental laws and agency regulations, both in the U.S. and abroad; 20) the effect
of changes in tax law, such as the effect
of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the «TCJA») that was enacted on December 22, 2017, and changes to the interpretations
of or guidance related thereto, and the Company's ability to accurately calculate and
estimate the effect
of such changes; 21) any reduction in our credit ratings; 22) our dependence on our suppliers, as well as the cost and availability
of raw materials and purchased components; 23) our ability to recruit and retain a critical mass
of highly - skilled employees and our relationships with the unions representing many
of our employees; 24) spending by the U.S. and other governments on defense; 25) the possibility that our cash flows and our credit facility may not be adequate for our additional capital needs or for payment
of interest on, and principal
of, our indebtedness; 26) our exposure under our revolving credit facility to higher interest payments should interest rates increase substantially; 27) the effectiveness
of any interest rate hedging programs; 28) the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting; 29) the outcome or impact
of ongoing or future litigation, claims, and regulatory actions; 30) exposure to potential product liability and warranty claims; 31) our ability to effectively assess, manage and integrate acquisitions that we pursue, including our ability to successfully integrate the Asco business and generate synergies and other cost savings; 32) our ability to consummate our announced acquisition
of Asco in a timely matter while avoiding any unexpected costs, charges, expenses, adverse changes to business relationships and other business disruptions for ourselves and Asco as a result
of the acquisition; 33) our ability to continue selling certain receivables through our supplier financing program; 34) the risks
of doing business internationally, including fluctuations in foreign current exchange rates, impositions
of tariffs or embargoes, compliance with foreign laws, and domestic and foreign government policies; and 35) our ability to complete the proposed accelerated stock repurchase plan, among other things.
Such factors include, among others, general business, economic, competitive, political and social
uncertainties; the actual results
of current and future exploration activities; the actual results
of reclamation activities; conclusions
of economic evaluations; meeting various expected cost
estimates; changes in project parameters and / or economic assessments as plans continue to be refined; future prices
of metals; possible variations
of mineral grade or recovery rates; the risk that actual costs may exceed
estimated costs; failure
of plant, equipment or processes to operate as anticipated; accidents, labour disputes and other risks
of the mining industry; political instability; delays in obtaining governmental approvals or financing or in the completion
of development or construction activities, as well as those factors discussed in the section entitled «Risk Factors» in the Company's Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2017 dated March 15, 2018.
The press release may, in some cases, use terms such as «predicts,» «believes,» «potential,» «proposed,» «continue,» «
estimates,» «anticipates,» «expects,» «expected,» «plans,» «intends,» «may,» «could,» «might,» «will,» «should» or other words that convey
uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward - looking statements.
«Our illustrative
estimate of the long term impact
of reduced net migration from the EU27 on UK GDP per capita after Brexit is negative, but relatively small compared to many other
uncertainties about average UK income levels in 2030,» said Hawksworth.
Chart 14 shows that the «dispersion
of EPS
estimates for S&P 500 companies is near all - time lows, likely reflecting an unwillingness
of analysts to diverge from consensus amid macro
uncertainty.»
This press release may, in some cases, use terms such as «predicts,» «believes,» «potential,» «proposed,» «continue,» «
estimates,» «anticipates,» «expects,» «expected,» «plans,» «intends,» «may,» «could,» «might,» «will,» «should» or other words that convey
uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward - looking statements.
The central bank
estimated trade
uncertainty would lower investment by two per cent by the end
of 2019.
It added that «the effect on U.S. growth is
estimated to be positive through 2020, cumulating to 1.2 percent through that year, with a range
of uncertainty around this central scenario.»
«Given the
uncertainty surrounding the measurement
of economic slack, the true amount may be larger than
estimated, which could slow down the emergence
of price pressures,» Draghi told a regular committee hearing.
But even now, about 80 hours from the space station's expected crash, the timing
estimate has a 20 - hour window
of uncertainty on either end.
In a paper co-authored with colleagues at Stanford and the University
of Chicago, Bloom
estimates an increase in policy
uncertainty between 2006 and 2011 might have shaved up to 2.3 percentage points off GDP growth.
Uncertainty shock = lower US GDP
estimates; markets will price in EU fragmentation; Fed likely to pass in Dec; ultimate growth impact
of Trump will depend on whether his protectionism or Keynesianism triumphs; either way Trump will boost inflation / stagflation expectations as electorates say end wage deflation via immigration controls, trade protectionism, fiscal spending.
The degree
of auditor judgment related to areas in the financial statements that involved the application
of significant judgment or estimation by management, including
estimates with significant measurement
uncertainty;
This economic
uncertainty includes the probabilities
of future events as
estimated by the buyers and sellers.
Clarke said that Worm's
estimate of 100 million sharks killed every year may be too high because
of the degree
of uncertainty in conducting a global
estimate.
Any
estimate of the economic costs
of protectionist measures, let alone trade wars, is subject to
uncertainty given the complexity
of global supply chains.
There is significant
uncertainty about the size
of the domestic marijuana market demand, but the Parliamentary Budget Office (PBO)
estimates a midpoint
of about 655 tonnes in 2018.
Uncertainty about health care reform and a rotation away from levered companies have caused HCA's share price to sell below our
estimate of intrinsic value, offering what we believe is an attractive entry point.
We continue to
estimate that a large foreign currency supply will bring about the continued strengthening
of the shekel but the Bank
of Israel is keeping its policy secret and wants to create
uncertainty, not necessarily showing its cards and letting market forces swiftly push the exchange rate down.»
95 % UI =
uncertainty interval around the cost and DALY
estimates, derived from multivariate sensitivity analysis propagating
uncertainty around cost inputs, elasticity
estimates, relative risks
of disease outcomes and the prevalence
of alcohol consumption.
Because
of the
uncertainty in the underlying research literature, our
estimates have broad CIs.
The
estimates in table 1 are a sobering reflection
of the perinatal hazards that these women face, 3 4 even if the exact rates have been exaggerated by some underas - certainment
of the relevant official denominator figure for all births outside hospital and are subject to
uncertainty because sampling methods had to be used to aportion the overall figure.
Decision
uncertainty was examined by
estimating net benefit statistics and constructing cost effectiveness acceptability curves across cost effectiveness threshold values
of between # 0 and # 100000 for the health outcomes
of interest.
Home birth is uncommon in the United Kingdom and
uncertainty exists about its safety.1 2 Almost all mortality figures available nationally1 provide merely a single global figure for planned and unplanned home births, though the constituent rates differ greatly.3 The only recent figures for planned home birth in England and Wales relating to 19794 and 19935 provide an inaccurately low
estimate of risk because it was not possible to account for those mothers who originally booked to have a home delivery but ended up delivering in hospital.
Two
of these reviews produce summary measures suggesting parent training programmes have a significant positive effect in crime prevention [12] and for non-compliant children [13] although this latter review does not provide any indication
of the
uncertainty of the effect
estimate.
But there is
uncertainty associated with all the forecasts and some forecasters are trying to
estimate the extent
of that
uncertainty, which in turn can be used to calculate probabilities
of particular events (hung parliament, largest party, etc..)
«This
estimate reflects the view that although receipts growth is expected to continue in FY 2017, a large degree
of uncertainty exists as to the magnitude
of this growth in light
of the risks noted below.
Ms. Ferreras nonetheless acknowledged «many
uncertainties» in the plan, including, most notably, unresolved labor contracts with nearly every one
of the city's municipal labor unions, which could cost the city as much as $ 7 billion to settle, according to some
estimates.
The usual health warnings were issued in the form
of statistical
uncertainty estimates, but these invitations to prudence were given less attention than they deserved by most consumers
of the numbers.
As an industry that is
estimated to be worth a staggering $ 15 trillion by 2025, inconsistency has the potential to create a huge degree
of uncertainty, misunderstanding and risk, further demonstrating the importance
of synchronising standards.
Some
of the largest
uncertainties in current climate models stem from their wide - ranging
estimates of the size and number
of dust particles in the atmosphere.
With only a few observations to feed into their calculations, the early
estimates by scientists
of an asteroid's future orbit have huge
uncertainties.
However, the lack
of data and the
uncertainties of climate change make any
estimate feel like a rough guess.
«Now we can begin to reduce our
uncertainty about how hard induced earthquakes shake the ground, and that should lead to more accurate
estimates of the risks these earthquakes pose to society going forward.»
Point
estimates of population parameters (e.g., mean, correlation coefficient, slope) or comparative measures (e.g., mean difference, odds ratio, hazard ratio) should be accompanied by a measure
of uncertainty such as a standard error or a confidence interval.
A new report has
estimated that 82 %
of articles about climate change are framed in the context
of «disaster» and «
uncertainty».
In addition to developing maps
of near - surface permafrost distributions, the researchers developed maps
of maximum thaw depth, or active - layer depth, and provided
uncertainty estimates.
Using a hierarchical model, the authors combine information from these various sources to obtain an ensemble
estimate of current and future climate along with an associated measure
of uncertainty.
Nielsen stresses that the
estimate contains a fair amount
of uncertainty.
Also, the model - based approach includes measures
of uncertainty about our population
estimates, which are not usually provided by more common approaches and are crucial for understanding the level
of confidence we have about our
estimates.»
The largest
uncertainty in the new
estimate of the Hubble constant is whether or not M100 is exactly at the centre
of the Virgo cluster.
The range
of uncertainty is huge, with
estimates of Europa's energy supply varying by orders
of magnitude.
Their latest calculation, based on the oldest light that telescopes can detect, is 14.0 billion years with an
uncertainty of just 500 million years — the tightest age constraint yet, and slightly older than the going
estimate of around 13 billion years.
A new paper, co-authored by Woods Hole Research Center Senior Scientist Richard A. Houghton, entitled, «Audit
of the global carbon budget:
estimate errors and their impact on uptake
uncertainty,» was published in the journal Biogeosciences.
Given the
estimated uncertainties in their method, the researchers place an upper limit on methane in the martian atmosphere
of 1.3 parts per billion, as they report online today in Science.