Sentences with phrase «uncertainty of carbon»

It's risk assessment theory that is the more appropriate mode of thinking in debating the risks of CO2, knowing what we know about risk / uncertainty of the carbon cycle, paleo - research, modelling, observations, etc..

The technique includes the determination of uncertainty of carbon stores throughout the country, which is essential for decision makers.

«The certainty and transparency of a carbon tax that is revenue - neutral will drive innovation much faster than the uncertainties of carbon trading,» he said.

Not exact matches

«A rejection of the fourth carbon budget risks turning uncertainty into a spiral of doubt,» he wrote.

In a 1968 report prepared for API in New York City, SRI scientists Elmer Robinson and R.C. Robbins acknowledged some uncertainty concerning the relation between carbon emissions and rising temperatures, yet said carbon dioxide was the most likely cause of the «greenhouse effect.»

Therefore, Caldeira said, the more important question - and one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate models - is «will the end of oil usher in a century of coal, or will it usher in a transition toward low - carbon - emitting technologies?»

Three approaches were used to evaluate the outstanding «carbon budget» (the total amount of CO2 emissions compatible with a given global average warming) for 1.5 °C: re-assessing the evidence provided by complex Earth System Models, new experiments with an intermediate - complexity model, and evaluating the implications of current ranges of uncertainty in climate system properties using a simple model.

The scientists also identified carbon fluxes where further research would be needed to reduce uncertainties, including the exchange of carbon between shelf waters and the open ocean.

A new paper, co-authored by Woods Hole Research Center Senior Scientist Richard A. Houghton, entitled, «Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty,» was published in the journal Biogeosciences.

David Fahey, an atmospheric scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado, said that the researchers will need to do additional analyses to reduce the «significant uncertainties associated with the role of black carbon in the climate.»

Because of those uncertainties, researchers can estimate only that doubling atmospheric carbon dioxide from preindustrial levels would increase global temperature between 1 °C and 5 °C.

As promising as it sounds, there are many uncertainties about whether solidifying carbon dioxide emissions could be a viable part of a climate strategy, said Bert Metz, a fellow at the European Climate Foundation who is unaffiliated with the study and was the lead author of a 2005 IPCC special report on carbon capture.

Reliable uncertainty estimates are needed for the prioritisation of research relating to the development of greenhouse gas inventories and for the assessment of the importance of emission sources and carbon sinks.

Therefore, it is important that, in addition to the size of the carbon sink, we also know what kind of uncertainties pertain to the figures reported,» Lehtonen says.

This seemed to have little effect on the total uncertainty of the litter input, but the uncertainty of the upland soil carbon sink estimate multiplied.

«IPCC guidelines lead to an underestimation of uncertainty of forest carbon sink estimates.»

(C) potential metrics and approaches for quantifying the climatic effects of black carbon emissions, including its radiative forcing and warming effects, that may be used to compare the climate benefits of different mitigation strategies, including an assessment of the uncertainty in such metrics and approaches; and

«(A) the technical capacity to monitor, measure, report, and verify forest carbon fluxes for all significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation with an acceptable level of uncertainty, as determined taking into account relevant internationally accepted methodologies, such as those established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;

So, now instead of carbon listed as being 12.0107 atomic mass units with a measurement uncertainty of about 0.0008, it has an official atomic weight of [12.0096; 12.0116], where the brackets and semicolon indicate an interval of atomic weights.

For example, the authors acknowledge the role of aerosols in stimulating clouds to form and the darkening of snow and ice by black carbon, adding that there is still too much uncertainty to include fully in their calculations.

We enable our members to capture opportunities, mitigate risks and manage uncertainties of global carbon policy.

There are still large uncertainties regarding the carbon budget due to lack of understanding of how the climate operates and lack of knowledge of how successful future climate policy will be.

«The inertia in the climate system makes it possible to predict, within model uncertainty, changes in flood hazards up to the year 2040, independent of the specific carbon emission pathway that is chosen by society within the next 25 years.»

M2009 use a simplified carbon cycle and climate model to make a large ensemble of simulations in which principal uncertainties in the carbon cycle, radiative forcings, and climate response are allowed to vary, thus yielding a probability distribution for global warming as a function of time throughout the 21st century.

Addressing these three broad areas of climate change research in reverse order: -(3) The anthropogenic origin of the rise in atmospheric CO2 levels is questioned because the levels of uncertainty of the size of natural fluxes within the carbon cycle are seen as too large for such a conclusion to be made.

I'm especially interested in finding out (1) the extent (volume and mass) of the atmosphere into which the carbon mass was added and (2) the ranges of uncertainty associated with both the extent of the atmosphere and the mass of carbon produced.

It is my understanding that the uncertainties regarding climate sensitivity to a nominal 2XCO2 forcing is primarily a function of the uncertainties in (1) future atmospheric aerosol concentrations; both sulfate - type (cooling) and black carbon - type (warming), (2) feedbacks associated with aerosol effects on the properties of clouds (e.g. will cloud droplets become more reflective?)

The review, which is being published in the journal Science on Friday, concludes that the human - driven buildup of carbon dioxide under way now appears to be far outpacing past natural events, meaning that, for ocean chemistry particularly, the biological implications are potentially enormous — and laden with the kind of uncertainty that is hard to see as a source of comfort.

Firms want a fair degree of price certainty in long - term investment decisions, and the allocation of carbon - based assets (like permits) make a reduction of permits in circulation in response to reductions in scientific uncertainty somewhat problematic.

Potential carbon cycle feedbacks (which are generally expected to be amplifying) go into the temperature responses and their uncertainty is a big part of the ranges given.

ESTIMATING THE PERMAFROST - CARBON FEEDBACK ON GLOBAL WARMING A key uncertainty is the fraction of carbon that might be decomposed under anaerobic conditions — resulting potentially in methane emissions to the atmosCARBON FEEDBACK ON GLOBAL WARMING A key uncertainty is the fraction of carbon that might be decomposed under anaerobic conditions — resulting potentially in methane emissions to the atmoscarbon that might be decomposed under anaerobic conditions — resulting potentially in methane emissions to the atmosphere.

The bottom line is that uncertainties in the physics of aerosol effects (warming from black carbon, cooling from sulphates and nitrates, indirect effects on clouds, indirect effects on snow and ice albedo) and in the historical distributions, are really large (as acknowledged above).

Response: I think these, what they would call carbon cycle feedbacks, are a major source of uncertainty.

As I read Chapter 10.4.1 of AR4 WG1 it is addressing the uncertainty introduced by carbon cycle feed backs into those predictions.

Re # 128, CGMs do not currently include the carbon cycle, so your concern is not with the models as they now exist but with the uncertainties of the forcings which are applied to them.

James Murdoch, the young scion of the giant News Corporation media empire, has an op - ed article for The Washington Post aimed at «conservation - minded conservatives,» spelling out the many reasons to propel an energy transformation in the United States through a declining cap on carbon dioxide emissions, despite the uncertainties in climate science.

Permit prices, since they would be more volatile over time than a specified tax trajectory, would mask the critical long - term signal that carbon will always be more expensive next year than it is today; that is, unavoidable volatility in permit prices would raise the economic cost of any climate target by clouding investment decisions with another source of uncertainty.

I was wondering for some time now, how much the findings of the work of scientists, be it the IPCC, be it the PIK in Potsdam or what have you, can be taken for granted in order for policy makers to make valuable decisions (e.g. cutting carbon emissions by half by 2050) and if the uncertainties in the models might outweigh certain decisions to reduce carbon emissions so that in the end it might happen that these uncertainties make these decisions obsolete, because they do not suffice to avoid «dangerous climate change»?

There is uncertainty in the climate sensitivity of the Earth and in the response of the carbon cycle, and the papers are extremely useful in the way that they propagate these uncertainties to the probabilities of different amounts of warming.

China, ending months of uncertainty, said it would pursue policies that result in a peak in its carbon dioxide emissions around 2030, with «the intention» of trying to peak earlier, and to increase the non-fossil fuel share of all energy to around 20 percent by 2030.

Pressing the frontiers of climate science and related research is vital, but it's wishful thinking to expect further science to substantially narrow uncertainties on time scales that matter when it comes to regional or short - term climate forecasting, the range of possible warming from a big buildup of carbon dioxide, the impact of greenhouse forcing on rare extremes and the like.

Although uncertainties still linger, the technical sub-committee that focused on REDD for the two years leading up to Bali concluded not only that the magnitude of deforestation emissions was significant — approximately 20 % of global emissions — but that sufficiently cost - effective methodologies exist for measuring forest carbon and monitoring deforestation.

«Through our work with the U.S. forest sector, we have seen the importance of reducing uncertainty for carbon market participants to encourage participation,» said Jad Daley, climate program director at The Trust for Public Land.

While these latter techniques might have even more uncertainties surrounding them than do bioenergy / forestry approaches, many scientists still think that it is worthwhile conducting further research on these systems to learn how they might broaden the portfolio of feasible, sustainable, and scalable carbon removal solutions in the future.

Jane Burston, Head of the Centre for Carbon Measurement at the National Physical Laboratory, spoke to Climate Action about how the NPL is reducing uncertainty in climate data and helping to develop low carbon technologies.

The uncertainties observed in estimates of forest carbon stocks demonstrate the urgent need for improved Earth observation tools to support climate change policy development, say Isabella Bovolo and Daniel Donoghue

For example, many projections that include carbon removal solutions involve the large - scale deployment of bioenergy systems, yet critical uncertainties remain around our estimates of:

«Although such estimates of future deployment of carbon - free energy sources indicate that it may be possible to achieve a decarbonized energy system, great uncertainties remain regarding the implementation of such scenarios due to factors such as costs, technology evolution, public policies, and barriers to deployment of new technologies (NRC, 2010b)»

Early fossil energy with CCS projects can prove critical for examining uncertainties pertinent both to fossil CCS and carbon removal CCS (such as geologic storage concerns), as well as for helping to bring down costs related to the development of both fossil and renewable CCS projects.

Clearly, further research into the carbon cycle will be essential to reduce the level of uncertainty about the climate system's response to CO2 emissions.For further reading: R. T. Watson et al.: «Green - house gases and aero - sols» in Houghton et al., «Climate Change, the IPCC Scientific Assess - ment», Cambridge (1990).