Because NOAA deals largely in scientific information, that information reflects the inherent
uncertainty of the scientific process.
There are many different actors with various levels of technical expertise, meaning that there is a lot of variation in the way they understand
uncertainty of scientific data.
I don't see that Crichton's argument is any better — it uses the precise same tactic of arguing from the fundamental
uncertainty of the scientific enterprise to try to undermine results that Crichton doesn't like.
First, she must fairly disclose
the uncertainties of her scientific support.
Not exact matches
This is a familiar dodge - emphasizing
uncertainty about the precise amount
of humanity's contribution while ignoring the broad
scientific consensus that human activities are largely responsible for dangerous warming
of our planet and that action is urgently needed before it is too late.
Collaborating with the Bush - Cheney White House, Exxon turned ordinary
scientific uncertainties into weapons
of mass confusion.
To attempt to justify this by transforming the epistemological problem
of «
uncertainty» into an ontological fact is simply a way
of mobilizing the present limits
of scientific knowledge in order to assert an arbitrary philosophical thesis.
Oftentimes, however,
scientific progress is laden with consumer perceptions
of uncertainty and unintended consequences, in part due to the complexity
of the agri - food supply chain.
Atty. Zelda Soriano, Legal Counsel for the Petitioners discussed the grounds on which the appellate court based their favorable decision, which includes the main argument
of the petitioners that the field testing is characterized by «serious
scientific uncertainty with regard to its health and environmental effects.»
The CRA claims that «a continuing series
of inexact
scientific reports and inaccurate media accounts about high fructose corn syrup and matters
of health and nutrition have... increased consumer
uncertainty.»
A systematic review
of the
scientific literature indicates that women who intend to breastfeed but who later feed their babies formula consistently report feelings
of guilt, anger, worry,
uncertainty, and a sense
of failure despite the relief that introducing formula after experiencing difficulties with breastfeeding may bring (Lakshman, Ogilvie, & Ong, 2009).
This
uncertainty is partially due to the well - known inability
of international relations scholars to make assured predictions, but also to the fact that the dynamics
of foreign policy shifts are still widely overlooked and generally misunderstood in the
scientific literature.
There isn't a good
scientific body
of evidence that someone could pick up their blood PFOA level and say «OK, well this means my risk for some health outcome is x, y or z,» and scientists can't provide that and this is one
of the places where we'll have to say we don't know and there is
uncertainty about that.»
In the face
of this
scientific uncertainty, Governor Cuomo announced in February that regulators at the Department
of Financial Services were ordering health plans to cover tomosynthesis «when medically necessary.»
Holt also wrote an editorial in Science on 17 November addressing the
uncertainty of federal support for
scientific research under the new administration and advocating for better integration
of science into policymaking.
But the many
scientific uncertainties, and the sheer complexity
of climate, made room for limitless debate over what actions, if any, governments should take.
«White House officials and political appointees in the agencies censored congressional testimony on the causes and impacts
of global warming, controlled media access to government climate scientists, and edited federal
scientific reports to inject unwarranted
uncertainty into discussions
of climate change.»
That representation matches the public discourse around global warming, in which previous studies have shown that media characterize climate change as unsettled science with high levels
of scientific uncertainty.
The interviews revealed that individual understandings
of scientific concepts,
uncertainties, and value - based attitudes towards invasive plants and their management diverged widely among these experts.
Cooney himself made 294 edits to the administration's 364 - page Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program posted July 24, 2003, «to exaggerate or emphasize
scientific uncertainties or to deemphasize or diminish the importance
of the human role in global warming,» and Cooney and the CEQ played a role in eliminating climate change sections in the EPA's draft Report on the Environment as well as its National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report.
«This new USGS research complements ongoing initiatives to conserve the Bay - Delta by providing sound
scientific understanding for managing this valuable system such that it continues to provide the services we need in the face
of climate
uncertainty.»
She also explores the value
of scientific thinking in our everyday lives, including the importance
of scale,
scientific modeling,
uncertainty, and risk assessment.
From the examples chosen a pattern emerges that requires a period
of sober reflection by any minister or civil servant involved in the planning
of major technological projects, for far from the comfort
of scientific truth underpinning their decisions, the reality is that the degree
of uncertainty involved would appear to reduce the process to a sophisticated form
of gambling, with awesome consequences awaiting a wrong decision.
A review
of health - related studies published last month inEnvironmental Science & Technology concluded that the current
scientific literature puts forward «both substantial concerns and major
uncertainties to address.»
Scientists are divided about the need to label GMOs: There is little
scientific evidence
of health or ecological threats, but many
uncertainties remain.
In two companion papers, published today in Climatic Change, the researchers investigated the mathematics
of uncertainty in the climate system and showed that increased
scientific uncertainty necessitates even greater action to mitigate climate change.
However,
uncertainty in the data exposing a lack
of scientific «proof»
of safety can equally well be used as a lack
of «proof»
of harm.
The AAAS Annual Meeting brings together more than 10,000
of the world's most talented and diverse scientists — yet this year select international participants who have made valuable contributions to the
scientific community may not attend, due to ongoing
uncertainty about the recent immigration and visa order implemented in the United States.
The debate in the media expresses far less
uncertainty in this issue than is customary for this level
of scientific inquiry.
A compelling example
of the angst - provoking
uncertainties involved has been raised by bioethicist and
Scientific American advisory board member Arthur Caplan.
New research using data from NASA's Van Allen Probes mission helps resolve decades
of scientific uncertainty over the origin
of ultra-relativistic electrons in Earth's near space environment, and is likely to influence our understanding
of planetary magnetospheres throughout the universe.
The IPCC [the United Nations» Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] took a shortcut on the actual
scientific uncertainty analysis on a lot
of the issues, particularly the temperature records.
Somewhere in this quagmire
of scientific uncertainty, will lie the future for the magnificent Thorne Moors.
The injunction «has placed a cloud
of uncertainty over this entire
scientific field,» said Harkin.
In their paper, Fischhoff and Davis, a research scientist in engineering and public policy who received his Ph.D. from CMU in social and decision sciences, outline the challenges
of explaining the
uncertainty that is part
of all
scientific research findings.
But in most cases, abundance estimates have
uncertainties of at least 20 percent, says mathematician Doug Butterworth
of the University
of Cape Town in South Africa and a member
of the IWC
scientific committee.
The strategy they most often deploy was pioneered by the tobacco industry, which learned to foment
scientific uncertainty as a means
of staving off regulation.
Rather they laid out a strategy to strengthen the
scientific basis for the estimates, reduce their
uncertainties, and increase transparency
of the process.
So China chose to go it alone — just when the turbulence and
uncertainty of the Cultural Revolution was damaging to all
scientific and technical activities.
The NRC asked the committee to summarize current
scientific information on the temperature record for the past two millennia, describe the main areas
of uncertainty and how significant they are, describe the principal methodologies used and any problems with these approaches, and explain how central is the debate over the paleoclimate temperature record to the state
of scientific knowledge on global climate change.
Giving statistically accurate and informative assessments
of a model's
uncertainty is a daunting task, and an expert's
scientific training for such an estimation may not always be adequate.
Too many
of the citizens
of the US and Britain still believe there is substantive
scientific uncertainty about climate change — even as George Bush lives in a «green,» off - grid home and now says climate change is real.
Yet the report also argued against a rapid shift to non-fossil fuel energy sources, noting that «making significant changes in energy consumption... amid all the
scientific uncertainties would be premature in view
of the severe impact such moves could have on the world's economies and societies.»
«In the face
of natural variability and complexity, the consequences
of change in any single factor, for example greenhouse gas emissions, can not readily be isolated, and prediction becomes difficult...
Scientific uncertainties continue to limit our ability to make objective, quantitative determinations regarding the human role in recent climate change, or the degree and consequence
of future change.»
While this leads to an elevation in the level
of scientific understanding from very low in the TAR to low in this assessment,
uncertainties remain large because
of the lack
of direct observations and incomplete understanding
of solar variability mechanisms over long time scales.»
Because, despite having this breadth
of knowledge within its walls, and for many years after these climate science programs were run at Exxon, the company has spent years and millings
of dollars funding climate deniers and think tanks who attack the
scientific consensus, spreading doubt and
uncertainty.
As acknowledged in an Australian Bureau
of Agriculture and Resource Economics report on climate change scenarios, also released on Monday, there are still considerable
scientific uncertainties surrounding the nature and extent
of future climate change.
The next year, as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was publishing its second major assessment
of climate science, Shell found itself in a delicate balancing act between accepting the
scientific consensus and arguing that there was still too much
uncertainty to dictate aggressive action.
A judgment
of each estimate's reliability is given as a level
of scientific understanding based on
uncertainties in the climate change agents and physical understanding
of their radiative effects.
«It's time for U.S. policy - makers to reflect and decide whether the year - to - year
uncertainty in National Institutes
of Health budget and the proposed cuts are in our societal and national best interest,» says Bishr Omary, M.D., Ph.D., senior author
of the new data - supported opinion piece and chief
scientific officer
of Michigan Medicine, U-M's academic medical center.