The car should charge its own
battery to 80 % charge in about two hours (assuming the
battery and alternator are in good condition; the
battery may be damaged by being
uncharged for so long, but I've never had that issue.)
Consider that a normal car
battery is rated, say, 61 A · h, then even if your alternator could poke it with 50A for a whole hour, it'll still be left
uncharged; in reality, 20A charges are often called «rapid», 10A is «fast», and the normal charges are more likely to be just 6A to 8A, which means that a fully discharged
battery of a compact car will take something like at least 8 hours to reach the full charge!