Sentences with phrase «under atmospheric conditions»

Gases do not emit as BB emitters under atmospheric conditions but at discrete frequencies, another fact.

A process raises 1 kg of water from 0 to 100oC (273 to 373 K) under atmospheric conditions.

Remember that for a gas under atmospheric conditions, temperature and energy are linearly related **.

To prevent this, the ELVOCs are directly ionized under atmospheric conditions in the gas phase, and subsequently transported as an electrically charged ELVOC - molecule into the sensor (mass spectrometer), where the detection takes place.

After confirming that oxidized organics are involved in the formation and growth of particles under atmospheric conditions, the scientists incorporated their findings into a global particle formation model.

The researchers showed that quantum mechanical tunneling greatly enhances the production rate of hydroxyl radicals in alkene ozonolysis reactions, which sever multiple bonds under atmospheric conditions.

Not exact matches

These common chemical compounds evaporate under normal atmospheric conditions, compromising indoor air quality.

«They are using this information to test state - of - the - art climate models under conditions of high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, similar to those expected by the end of this century.»

E. coli cells will be genetically engineered to change color in response to conditions under study: carbon dioxide levels, atmospheric pollutants and pathogens, for example.

Using sophisticated atmospheric and climate models, the researchers estimated the levels of PM2.5 directly attributable to wildfires during a recent six - year period, 2004 to 2009, as well as under projected future climate change conditions (2046 - 2051).

A new long - term field study shows that plants grow less under elevated carbon conditions owing to limitations in soil nutrients — bad news as atmospheric CO2 increases

In reality, there are many different types of snowflakes (as in the clich that «no two snowflakes are alike»); this differentiation occurs because each snowflake is a separate crystal that is subject to the specific atmospheric conditions, notably temperature and humidity, under which it is formed.

«We had to use the best telescope in the world under the best atmospheric conditions, and we had to set up the proper team — but most of all this measurement was really challenging because of the faintness of the source.»

In a follow - up, he confirmed that under simulated Martian atmospheric conditions, sodium salts do absorb water vapor and form a liquid solution.

What goes on inside the tank is a real - world computation that tells me something about atmospheric turbulence under certain conditions.

The resource geologist examined the possibility of this middle way, by calculating the chemical solubility of the precious metal in surface water under the prevailing atmospheric and climatic conditions.

At sea level, at a temperature of 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) and under normal atmospheric conditions, the speed of sound is 344 m / s (1238 km / h or 770 mph).

The researchers created a simulation that tracks meltwater runoff under a variety of atmospheric conditions, and they were surprised to discover that most of the meltwater found off the west coast of Greenland actually originated from ice on the east coast.

The researchers looked at the historical atmospheric observations to document the conditions under which extreme weather patterns form and persist.

This technique verified also that fullerenes are produced in similar amounts in the soots of common flames under ambient atmospheric conditions.

Mined to make the first compass needles, the mineral magnetite is also made by migratory birds and other animals to allow them to sense north and south and thus navigate in cloudy or dark atmospheric conditions or under water.

In this work, using a simple time - dependent 1D model, we demonstrate that radiative cloud feedback can drive spontaneous atmospheric variabilities in both temperature and cloud structures under conditions appropriate for brown dwarfs and directly imaged EGPs.

The CLOUD experiment consists of a large instrumented chamber in which the atmosphere can be precisely simulated, and the formation and growth of aerosol particles and the clouds they seed can be studied under precisely controled atmospheric conditions.

«Considering the thousand possibilities for things to go wrong when dealing with such high tech instrumentation under such harsh conditions, it's a small miracle that our instruments functioned without problems already during the first flight,» emphasizes the atmospheric physicist, Professor Stephan Borrmann.

The ARM data will provide more detailed measurements of both aerosols and clouds to assist the research team in quantifying the impacts of aerosols on precipitation under a variety of atmospheric and pollution conditions.

The ion source now creates and sends particles to the funnel in a single system under the same atmospheric conditions.

Scientists showed the potential habitability of the planet under different atmospheric conditions and orbits using a state - of - the - art model.

Under the old statute, drivers had to have their lights turned on during, quote, «unfavorable atmospheric conditions.»

His restrained visual narratives, shot mostly in atmospheric conditions of heavy fog and low light, captured the climate of overwhelming despair and oppression that weighed on Santiago and its inhabitants under the military regime.

This is the limit at which twilight illumination is sufficient, under good weather conditions, for terrestrial objects to be clearly distinguished; at the beginning of morning civil twilight, or end of evening civil twilight, the horizon is clearly defined and the brightest stars are visible under good atmospheric conditions in the absence of moonlight or other illumination.

was originally polished with shellac and remains in good condition apart from some fine surface cracking; these cracks temporarily developed an unidentified fungal growth when the piece was shown in 1993 under changed atmospheric conditions (Tate Gallery Conservation Files).

Seated Figure was originally polished with shellac and remains in good condition apart from some fine surface cracking; these cracks temporarily developed an unidentified fungal growth when the piece was shown in 1993 under changed atmospheric conditions (Tate Gallery Conservation Files).

An avid photographer, she uses her camera to catalogue changes and movements in the landscape under differing changes of light and atmospheric conditions - fog, cloud, darkness and so on.

There's a more serious consequence of being right for the wrong reasons: If there is a massive drop to well under 1M km ^ 2 and you interpret this as evidence of a tipping point, whereas what happened was a succession of 2007 - like atmospheric set ups, any prognosication will be shown wrong when in the following years the ice grows back and the condition doesn't maintain itself.

The study notes that «It is not physically possible for large enough volumes of air to interact with the surface under normal atmospheric conditions and therefore this method will not remove sufficient molecules of NO2 to have a significant impact on ambient concentrations.»

Meanwhile, experiments aimed at helping corals adapt to changing conditions are under way, such as one that proposes shading to help some coral species recover after bleaching or disease.11 Perhaps the biggest help of all would be lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide below 2010 levels.

Yet, we explained there is also reasonable basis for concern that a warming world may at least temporarily increase tornado damage including the fact that oceans are now warmer, and regional ocean circulation cycles such as La Nina / El Nino patterns in the Pacific which affect upper atmospheric conditions appear to becoming more chaotic under the influence of climate change.

The Clausius — Clapeyron equation for water vapor under typical atmospheric conditions (near standard temperature and pressure) is

Therefore, the August - Roche - Magnus equation implies that saturation water vapor pressure changes approximately exponentially with temperature under typical atmospheric conditions, and hence the water - holding capacity of the atmosphere increases by about 7 % for every 1 °C rise in temperature.

Under typical atmospheric conditions, the denominator of the exponent depends weakly on T -LCB- \ displaystyle T -RCB-(for which the unit is Celsius).

You could help clairify things by answering the following question: If atmospheric layers A and B each contain greenhouse gases, under what conditions will we find that the rate of absorption by layer B of layer A's thermal emission equal the rate of absorption by layer A of layer B's emission?

Again, though the water vapor emitted from cooling towers can and does create impressive cloud formations under the right conditions, this is a very different issue than being the primary mechanisms of Earth's atmospheric water vapor generation for fueling storms which is what some are falsely claiming.

Why do you believe that water vapour can make clouds under the right atmospheric conditions, yet water vapour that comes out of a jet exhaust shouldn't do the same?

We also make use of two lengthy control simulations conducted with CESM1 under constant 1850 radiative conditions: a 2200 - year control run using the fully - coupled configuration (hereafter termed the «coupled control run»), and a 2600 - year control run using only the atmospheric model component coupled to the land model component from CESM1 with a specified repeating seasonal cycle of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice conditions taken from the long - term climatology of the fully - coupled control run (hereafter termed the «atmospheric control run»).

With such a methodology, the average annual direct flood damage for three Australian drainage basins was projected to increase by a factor of four to ten under conditions of doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Schreider et al., 2000).

That rate of flow remains completely dependent on the atmospheric pressure which under current conditions causes evaporation to have a net cooling effect.»

Blue line represent current ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration in which Quercus robur, Cycas revoluta, Sequoia sempervirens, and Ginkgo biloba were growing under natural conditions outdoors; yellow and red lines represent, respectively, 480 and 1270 ppm atmospheric CO2 concentration inside coontrolled environment chambers where Wollemia nobilis was grown.

Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments / C. Hoose & O. Mohler Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research — Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany / Published: 29 October 2012 Abstract: A small subset of the atmospheric aerosol population has the ability to induce ice formation at conditions under which ice would not form without them (heteroge - neous ice nucleation).

114, D19101, 12 PP., 2009 doi: 10.1029 / 2009JD011800 «Global atmospheric downward longwave radiation over land surface under all - sky conditions from 1973 to 2008» Kaicun Wang, Shunlin Liang

For climate which is changing as a consequence of increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations or other forcing changes, T = T0 + Tf + T» where Tf is the deterministic climate change caused by the changing forcing, and T» is the natural variability under these changing conditions.