«The new data set will allow us to check if our ocean models can correctly represent changes in the flow of warm
water under ice shelves,» he added.
This image shows the path of the Kelvin waves that interact with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and push warmer waters
under the ice shelves of the West Antarctic Peninsula.
The glacier is currently experiencing significant acceleration, thinning and retreat that is thought to be caused by «ocean - driven» melting; an increase in warm ocean water finding its
way under the ice shelf.
Warm ocean water
circulates under ice shelves, melting the glacier's underbelly and pushing the grounding line, where ice meets rock, farther inland.
Changes to Antarctic winds have already been linked to southern Australia's drying climate but now it appears they may also have a profound impact on warming ocean
temperatures under the ice shelves along the coastline of West and East Antarctic.
«The meltwater feedback
cycle under the ice shelf will only slow down once the shelf has collapsed, or no more glacial ice flows in from inland to take its place.
The cold and dense brine formed in polynyas sinks to the seafloor, where it can flow into the
cavities under the ice shelves, just as warmer ocean water could.
«
Under the ice shelves there are significant tidal currents and the high southerly latitudes pose difficulties for the AUV's underwater navigation.
The estimates are quite variable because of the difficulty in measuring these things in a difficult part of the world and the complexity of the processes (ice berg calving;
under ice shelve melting, snow blowing, under glacier melt etc.).
That is supported by other recent findings that warm currents are infiltrating
northward under ice shelves and into fjords around Greenland and into the Arctic basin more than previously thought.
Their mission: find vulnerabilities where warmer (but still near freezing) water from the deep ocean may be seeping
in under the ice shelf and melting it from below.
Large regions of the seabed around the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are undersampled for water depth, including most
regions under ice shelves.
The large floating ice shelves are susceptible to bottom melting but, except for Petermann Glacier, we have no observations of the process or that more warm water is
penetrating under these ice shelves.
«We can be confident that making the air over Greenland warmer, or making the air over parts of Antarctica a lot warmer, or making the water
under the ice shelves of either sheet even a little warmer, will tend to raise sea level.
«Our simulations show that there will be no turning back once the warm water masses find their
way under the ice shelf, since their heat will accelerate the melting at its base.
In the study, the researchers use an ice - ocean model created in Bremerhaven to decode the oceanographic and physical processes that could lead to an irreversible inflow of warm
water under the ice shelf — a development that has already been observed in the Amundsen Sea.
To really understand what's going on with the ice shelves and ice sheets, he says, scientists will need not only radar altimetry data but also continuous measurements of ocean properties near and
under the ice shelves, and better bathymetry maps, such as Siegert's team produced.
«Irreversible ocean warming threatens the Filchner - Ronne Ice Shelf: AWI climate researchers have deciphered the processes driving an irreversible inflow of warm water
under the ice shelf, which could begin within the next few decades.»
Very little is known about the behaviour of Southern Ocean animals during the winter months or those found in the deep sea or
under ice shelves.