Sentences with phrase «underestimated by a factor»

The fact that my personal site's traffic is underestimated by a factor of 2 to 5 should offer some hint at the opportunity lies in these keywords.

Amplitudes of large - scale surface temperature change derived from tree - ring proxies can be substantially underestimated by a factor of two to three 2 to 3 as compared to results from borehole thermometry (Huang et al. 2000; Harris and Chapman 2001; Huang and Pollack 2002).

The authors make the case that using the 21 multiplier appropriate for century timescales is not appropriate, especially in the early decades where GWP would be underestimated by a factor of 80.

Not exact matches

This is a factor that must not be underestimated by farmers.

On a millennial time scale, conventional climate models underestimated the variations of sea surface temperatures reconstructed from climate archives by a factor of 50.

Results show that on average, participants underestimate water use by a factor of two, with severe underestimates for activities that use a lot of water.

The simulations included only female finches, so the researchers say they may have underestimated extinction risk by ignoring factors such as a female's ability to find a mate when populations are small.

«You have to be careful to take clouds or haze into account, or else you could underestimate the amount of water in an exoplanet's atmosphere by a factor of two.»

Wigley et al. (2005b) demonstrate that the analysis method of Douglass and Knox (2005) severely underestimates (by a factor of three) climate sensitivity if applied to a model with known sensitivity.

In the 1980s the utility industry consistently underestimated the full costs of nuclear by about a factor of three.

For a sample of 15 activities, participants underestimated energy use and savings by a factor of 2.8 on average, with small overestimates for low - energy activities and large underestimates for high - energy activities.

But climate models would have to underestimate the scale of variability by a factor of at least 3 to account for the observed warming in figure 3.

However, models would need to underestimate variability by factors of over two in their standard deviation to nullify detection of greenhouse gases in near - surface temperature data (Tett et al., 2002), which appears unlikely given the quality of agreement between models and observations at global and continental scales (Figures 9.7 and 9.8) and agreement with inferences on temperature variability from NH temperature reconstructions of the last millennium.

«The tightening global competition for the planet's resources is becoming an ever more significant factor of national economic performance, yet its influence is still underestimated by most country risk analysts.»

Since climate models did not treat either CO2 or solar effects in a simple linear way, the models underestimated the total solar effects by a factor of six (using a climate forcing multiplier).

If your figures are correct, it seems Agee et al. has underestimated the amount of CO2 that needs to be removed per year by a factor of 3.66.

Market research obtained by the Hemp Industries Association (HIA), collected by the market research firm SPINS, was obtained from natural and conventional food retailers, excluding Whole Foods Market and certain other establishments, who do not provide sales data — and thus underestimates actual sales by a factor of at least three.

Overall the average of the AeroCom models underestimates BC absorption by about a factor of two.

Once this is done, it is found that solar impact on climate is severely underestimated by the traditional models by a large factor while that the anthropogenic component has been overestimated by at least 2 - 3 times.

«We were underestimating warming via black carbon by a factor of two,» says Patricia Quinn, an atmospheric chemist who contributed to the study.

By throttling the exchange between the compartments you can get any result you wish; the above mentioned paper by Levy et al. 2013 show that the deep oceanic up - and down - welling may have been underestimated in so - called «models» by a factor four or five versus observationBy throttling the exchange between the compartments you can get any result you wish; the above mentioned paper by Levy et al. 2013 show that the deep oceanic up - and down - welling may have been underestimated in so - called «models» by a factor four or five versus observationby Levy et al. 2013 show that the deep oceanic up - and down - welling may have been underestimated in so - called «models» by a factor four or five versus observationby a factor four or five versus observations.

So Dr Sexton has underestimated the amount of power generated by the wind farm by a factor of 3000 or more!

Sea - level rise is also driven by the expansion of water as it gets warmer and in January scientists suggested this factor had been significantly underestimated, adding further weight to concerns about future rises.

... Schneider became aware that he had overestimated the cooling effect of aerosols, and underestimated the warming effect of CO2 by a factor of about three.

Current official inventories of methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas released from landfills, livestock ranches and oil and gas facilities, may be underestimated both nationally and in California by a factor of about 1.5, according to new research from Berkeley Lab and others.

so the model underestimates the contribution of CO2 to global temperatures by a factor of 3.

I always was of the opinion that natural factors were grossly underestimated by IPCC, and the recent «pause» seems to confirm this.

Would you then agree that IPCC has underestimated natural forcing factors in the past by only considering solar irradiance?

This oscillatory signal is inconsistent with the model - estimated envelope, as models appear to underestimate inter-decadal variability by a factor of roughly three compared to the observations.

And in light of BP's reluctance to release underwater footage of the gusher itself — and then when it is released independent analysis shows official estimates of flow rates and underestimated by at least a factor of ten — it's easy to see some sort of fascist collusion going on, when it all may just be confusion.

«A new immigrant makes like $ 10 or $ 8 or $ 7 an hour, and big firms charge like $ 250 an hour,» Mr. Liu said, underestimating what big - firm partners charge by a factor of three if not four.

Indeed, coefficient alphas often underestimate the reliability (Sijtsma, 2009) and they are influenced by the number of items as well as other factors (e.g., duplicated items, the number of dimensions in the scale; Huysamen, 2006).

This could be an artifact caused by premature mortality in people with multiple adverse childhood exposures; the clustering of multiple risk factors among people with multiple childhood exposures is consistent with this hypothesis.29 Thus, this potential weakness may have resulted in underestimates of the true relationships between ACEs and the illicit drug use outcomes.41

Several studies have addressed the validity of the parent - reported SDQ in school - aged samples, predominantly confirming the intended 5 - factor structure.5, 6 A 3 - factor configuration of externalizing (conduct problems and hyperactivity), internalizing (emotional and peer problems), and prosocial factors has also been proposed and suggested for use in epidemiologic studies and in low - risk populations.7, 8 The internal reliability of SDQ subscales has been predominantly examined by using Cronbach's α, a measure of the interrelatedness of items; however, α estimates are a lower bound for reliability and is often underestimated.9 A meta - analytic review reported weighted mean α coefficients extracted from 26 studies that showed generally modest reliabilities for parent reports (0.53 < α < 0.76).10 McDonald's ω, which estimates the proportion of a scale measuring a construct, typically yields higher reliability estimates but has rarely been used to assess reliability of the SDQ.