The chromosphere is thought to be heated by convection within
the underlying photosphere.
To carry out novel investigations based on spectro - polarimetric observations with ground - based and space solar telescopes, with emphasis on the study of the magnetic field in chromospheric and coronal structures and its coupling with
the underlying photosphere.
There are just not enough atoms around to heat our hypothetical thermometer or
the underlying photosphere.
«The fact that the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere is at millions of degrees while the temperature of
the underlying photosphere is only 6,000 kelvins (degrees C. above absolute zero) is quite nonintuitive.