To improve our
understanding of the development of depressive symptoms, future research could test hypotheses in which factors from different levels interact, i.e., cognitions, genetics, environment, affect, negative life experiences, as suggested by the
cognitive vulnerability - transactional stress model (Hankin and Abramson 2001).
This study examined whether the
cognitive vulnerability - stress model of depression may contribute to our
understanding of the gender difference in depression in adolescence.