Sentences with phrase «understanding global gene»

Traditional strain - selection techniques are supplemented with strain screening, which can involve examining gene - expression patterns through PCR or understanding global gene expression in relation to environmental factors using gene chips.

Not exact matches

To gain a deeper understanding of the cellular response of the two neurotoxins, the researchers applied global quantitative proteomics at the U.S. Department of Energy's national user facility — the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory — and microarrays at UCLA to assay the protein and gene levels, respectively, for both neurotoxins.

Although the functional bases for these global changes in B. burgdorferi gene expression are not understood, they are generally considered to constitute an adaptive response that facilitates transition between two distinct niches: the tick and the mammal.

To understand the selection mechanism behind mutations, network - based studies were used to estimate the importance of a mutated protein compared to non-mutated ones in signalling and protein — protein interaction networks.10, 11,12,13 Proteins mutated in cancer were found having a high number of interacting partners (i.e., a high degree of connectivity), which indicates high local importance.10 Mutated proteins are also often found in the centre of the network, in key global positions, as quantified by the number of shortest paths passing through them if all proteins are connected with each other (i.e., they have high betweenness centrality; hereafter called betweenness).11, 12 Mutated proteins also have high clustering coefficients, which means their neighbours are also neighbours of each other.10, 13 Moreover, neighbourhood analysis of mutated proteins have been previously successfully used to predict novel cancer - related genes.14, 15 However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has concentrated particularly on the topological importance of first neighbours of mutated proteins in cancer, and their usefulness as drug targets themselves.

Implications of the current findings for understanding culture — gene coevolution of human brain and behaviour as well as how this coevolutionary process may contribute to global variation in pathogen prevalence and epidemiology of affective disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are discussed.

Hence, our findings illustrate that gene frequency plays a unique role in explaining global variation in the adoption of cultural norms and is fundamental to any comprehensive understanding of culture.