The Court further stated that an employer's conduct upon termination, or during the notice period, can not remedy an otherwise illegal and
unenforceable termination clause.
However, the «voluntary contributions or offer to contribute to [the employee's] plans after giving her notice her employment was being terminated can not remedy an otherwise
unenforceable termination clause.
The Respondent's actual conduct following the Appellant's termination was not determinative of the outcome — good employer behaviour can not remedy an otherwise illegal /
unenforceable termination clause.
Ms. Wood argued that the enforceability of the clause was to stand or fall on its own wording, and that FDI could not remedy an otherwise illegal and
unenforceable termination clause by its conduct.
Allowing a voluntary payment to an employee that complies with the ESA to cure what would otherwise be
an unenforceable termination clause does little to incentivize proper drafting in the first place.
The Ontario Court of Appeal held that an employer's conduct upon termination or during the notice period can not remedy an otherwise illegal and
unenforceable termination clause.
Not exact matches
As a result, Rose says, for now, it is safe to say that we know the courts will heavily scrutinize
termination clauses in a manner that favours employees, and that if a
termination clause has the potential to violate the ESA, then it is
unenforceable.
In Howard the Ontario Court of Appeal awarded an employee whose employment was terminated 23 months into a five - year term damages reflecting the balance of the term on the basis that the contractual
clause providing for early
termination was
unenforceable due to ambiguity.
The court found the
termination clause to be
unenforceable as it violated the minimum requirements of the ESA by permitting payments to be based solely on base salary, thus expressly excluding the employee's commission (which is required as part of wages under the ESA).
On appeal, the Court of Appeal ruled that the
termination clause was
unenforceable and thus, the employee was entitled to reasonable notice at common law.
While the Court concluded that signing a written employment agreement the day after the employee commenced work did not render the agreement
unenforceable, it found that the
termination clause contained in the employment agreement improperly excluded the employee's minimum statutory entitlement to benefits continuation during the notice period.
Accordingly, the
termination clause was void and
unenforceable.
If a
termination clause has the potential to violate Ontario's Employment Standards Act, 2000, then it is
unenforceable.
The decision is a clear pronouncement that
termination clauses that contravene the ESA will be
unenforceable regardless of whether the employee receives at least their minimum ESA entitlements upon
termination.
The Court of Appeal sided with Ms. Wood and found the
termination clause to be
unenforceable.
On appeal, the Court of Appeal overturned the Superior Court's decision and held that the
termination clause contravened the ESA and was
unenforceable.
Courts have focused on the various technical requirements in the language of
termination clauses and, in the absence of the technical requirements in the
termination clauses, courts have held such
clauses to be
unenforceable.
A recent case heard before the Court of Appeals for Ontario highlights the importance of unambiguous language in
termination clauses, as any ambiguity will render the
clause unenforceable.
Wood argued that the
termination clause was
unenforceable, however, because it excluded benefit pay and severance pay as per the wording of the
clause.
Wood nonetheless sued Deeley for wrongful dismissal, alleging that the
termination clause was
unenforceable for being contrary to the ESA.
As a result of section 5 (1), ESA, the Court of Appeal stated that where the
termination clause contains «even one» violation of the ESA, the entire
termination clause would be considered void and thus,
unenforceable.
For example, in Wood v. Fred Deeley Imports Ltd., 2017 ONCA 158, the Ontario Court of Appeal concluded that the
termination clause at issue was
unenforceable due to its failure to provide for the continuation of the benefits plan.
In this case the Ontario Court of Appeal determined that any breach of the Ontario Employment Standards Act, 2000 (ESA) in a
termination clause of an employment contract, will render it
unenforceable.
Although the
termination clause provided more than the employee's minimum ESA notice of one week if terminated before the end of the initial one - year term, it was, in our view,
unenforceable because of the possibility that the contract would be renewed multiple times, eventually resulting in the
termination clause providing less than the employee's ESA minimums.
If a
termination clause could breach the Employment Standards Act, 2000 (the «ESA») at some point in the future, the
clause is void and
unenforceable even if the dismissed employee receives all necessary entitlements under the ESA at the time of
termination.
Given the spate of recent decisions, is it a foregone conclusion that all
termination clauses that fail to expressly mention benefits continuation through the statutory notice period are
unenforceable?
She argued that the
termination clause in the offer letter was invalid and
unenforceable on the basis that it permitted the employer to terminate her employment without continuing her benefits for the duration of the notice period.
However, the Court of Appeal disagreed, on the basis that if a
termination clause could breach the ESA at some point in the employment relationship, the
clause is void and
unenforceable even if the employee has in fact received all of her entitlements given when
termination of her employment happened.
Namely, Zoomermedia establishes the principle that the courts will refuse to grant employers the benefit of an unlawful
termination clause (that it drafted) being rendered
unenforceable.
Although Deeley had provided Wood with the benefits she was entitled to during the notice period as well as a lump sum payment to arguably account for the lack of severance pay, this did not change the fact that the
termination clause was deficient and
unenforceable.
In the 2015 decision Carpenter v Brains II, Canada Inc. 14 Justine Stinson found the following
termination clause to be
unenforceable:
If the
termination clause provides the employee with less than his or her entitlements pursuant to the ESA, the
termination clause will be
unenforceable and the court will strike the
termination clause from the employment contract and award the employee reasonable notice of dismissal.
First, any attempt to contract out of or waive a provision of the ESA will render a
termination clause unenforceable, even if both parties freely agree to do so.
The
termination clause was also
unenforceable because it combined two employer obligations under the ESA, namely to provide notice and to pay severance pay.
The reasoning in ADGA has been applied in several recent decisions of the Ontario Superior Court.7 This line of caselaw defeats the argument that a
termination clause that provides for a minimum notice period but not a ceiling is ambiguous and therefore
unenforceable.
As a result, the
termination clause was void and
unenforceable.
Her main contention was that the entire employment agreement was
unenforceable, and, in the alternative, that the
termination clause was
unenforceable.
Such
clauses would be
unenforceable, and being forced to sign such a contract or face
termination is likely to be itself a legal issue for the company.
Not surprisingly, in light of jurisprudence over the last few years striking out
termination clauses, the court agreed, finding that the
clause was ambiguous and, therefore,
unenforceable.