The Nuremberg Tribunal considered a number
of factors relevant to its conclusion that the authors
of particular prohibitions incur individual responsibility: the clear and
unequivocal recognition
of the rules
of warfare in international law and State practice indicating an
intention to criminalize the prohibition, including
statements by government officials and international organizations, as well as punishment
of violations by national courts and military tribunals (id., at 445 - 47, 467).