This policy statement from the AAP advocates a public health response
to the opioid epidemic and substance use during pregnancy, and recommends: a focus on preventing unintended pregnancies and improving
access to contraception;
universal screening for alcohol and other drug use in women of childbearing age; knowledge and informed consent of maternal drug testing and reporting practices; improved
access to prenatal care, including opioid replacement therapy; gender - specific substance use treatment programs; and improved funding for social services and child welfare systems.