Sentences with phrase «upper atmosphere at»

Hence temperatures will be less hot — relative to normal — in the upper atmosphere at a given altitude than they will be at the surface.

While the polar and subtropical jet streams are the best known and most studied, other jet streams can form when wind speeds are above 58 mph (93.3 kph) in the upper atmosphere at about 6 miles (9.6 kilometers) to 9 miles (14.5 kilometers) above the surface.

Venus, on the other hand, has a large temperature difference between the upper atmosphere at T0 = 229 K and the surface at Ts = 750 K.

Lately charged particles from solar flares have impacted our planet's upper atmosphere at speeds of 560 miles per second.

The density of the upper atmosphere at any given altitude varies with the amount of solar radiation it receives, and the amount of solar radiation in turn varies either day - to - day depending on solar activity or over the 11 - year solar cycle.

Charged particles from space easily move along geomagnetic field lines and intercept the upper atmosphere at high latitudes (that is, toward the poles) because that is where the field lines originate.

The trends described above form a consistent pattern of global change in the upper atmosphere at heights above 50 km (see arrows in the figure).

The meteors are bits of comet debris that «zip into the earth's upper atmosphere at speeds of about 40 - 60 km per second,» or 30 - 50 miles per second, says MacRobert.

One of these technologies is supersonic retropropulsion — the use of retrorockets to slow a craft as it blazes into the Red Planet's upper atmosphere at supersonic speeds.

As long predicted, the meteor's initial pinprick of light spreads into a curved bow shock as it plows into the upper atmosphere at supersonic speeds of 71 kilometers per second.

Hmm, so you're telling me that a «heat shield» that was made of «special plastic» (as NASA called it back in the day), which was nothing but epoxy smeared over a ss honey comb «protected» the astros barreling into the upper atmosphere at hypersonic 5 miles / sec, or well over 30 times the velocity of a jumbo - jet and thru temperatures *** as quoted by NASA *** that are «10 times hotter than the surface of the sun», and then they «braked» with only a parachute to a safe splashdown?

Bits and pieces shed by this comet litter its orbit and bombard the Earth's upper atmosphere at 110,000 miles per hour (177,000 km / h).

Not exact matches

Sheltering inside a robust structure for at least 12 to 24 hours is a key way to survive that threat, Buddemeier said, since fallout can easily out - speed vehicles as it gets blown around by high - speed winds in the upper atmosphere.

We've done so because the people at the top prefer a permissive atmosphere that allows us to do as we wish» as long as we don't hurt anyone, a judgment call that ends up ruling out things upper - middle - class people don't like, such as smoking and putting glass bottles in plastics - only recycling bins.

Westlake et al. analyzed data from 41 flybys of Titan, some at altitudes of less than 1000 kilometers (621 miles) when Cassini dipped into the upper fringes of its atmosphere.

The probe, produced at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, is designed to map the brightness of the night - glow in the upper atmosphere.

And it didn't budge, even as winds in the planet's upper atmosphere whipped along at a brisk 100 meters per second.

«We think the 15N15N enrichment fundamentally comes from chemistry in the upper atmosphere, at altitudes close to the orbit of the International Space Station,» Yeung said.

When the team looked at the overall balance between the radiation upward from the surface of the ice sheet and the radiation both upward and downward from the upper levels of the atmosphere across all infrared wavelengths over the course of a year, they found that in central Antarctica the surface and lower atmosphere, against expectation, actually lose more energy to space if the air contains greenhouse gases, the researchers report online and in a forthcoming Geophysical Research Letters.

Charged particles striking Saturn's upper atmosphere ionize hydrogen atoms and produce infrared radiation, whereas related processes also give off Saturnian auroras at ultraviolet and radio wavelengths.

Besides hazardous materials, you'd have to look in exotic places like near a black hole or closer to home at lightning in the upper atmosphere to find natural forces capable of making gamma rays.

This upper wind speed is slow compared to winds on Earth because the Sun's effect on the atmosphere is much smaller at Titan's distance.

Although CFCs are extremely persistent, remaining in the upper atmosphere for decades, and although they are 10,000 times more efficient than carbon dioxide at trapping heat, the process of controlling them has been under way for years, for reasons having nothing to do with the greenhouse effect.

Earth's upper atmosphere glows brightly at the CIBER wavelengths.

The collection of larger than usual amounts of Arctic winter weather data in 2015 was due to two reasons: the Norwegian research vessel Lance was in the Arctic Ocean observing and collecting upper atmosphere meteorological data, and the frequency of observation and data collection was increased at some of the land - based observation stations around the Arctic.

When a storm forms, it spins in one direction at the surface, and the opposite direction toward the upper atmosphere, creating a «dipole of vorticity.»

Whereas the lower atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 200 kilometers) is consistent with ground - based stellar occultations, the upper atmosphere is much colder and more compact than indicated by pre-encounter models.

Planetary scientist David Catling and his colleagues at the NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, propose that the methane rose to the upper atmosphere, where sunlight broke it down into carbon and hydrogen.

«Some of these planets are so hot in their upper atmospheres, they're essentially boiling off into space,» said Avi Mandell, a planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., and a co-author of the study.

«MAVEN is giving us unprecedented detail about hydrogen escape from the upper atmosphere of Mars, and this is crucial for helping us figure out the total amount of water lost over billions of years,» said Ali Rahmati, a MAVEN team member at the University of California at Berkeley who analyzed data from two of the spacecraft's instruments.

Several processes at work in Mars» upper atmosphere may then act on the hydrogen, leading to its escape.

James O'Donoghue at the University of Leicester, UK, and his colleagues used the Keck II Telescope in Hawaii to observe radiation from electrically charged hydrogen molecules in Saturn's upper atmosphere, or ionosphere.

James O'Donoghue at the University of Leicester, UK, used the Keck II Telescope in Hawaii to observe radiation from electrically charged hydrogen molecules in Saturn's upper atmosphere, or ionosphere.

After skimming so close to Jupiter's upper atmosphere, the spacecraft soared back up from the planet's cloud tops at about 9:30 P.M. into a looping, elongated orbit out to 8.1 million kilometers.

«After traveling through interplanetary space, these energetic particles of mostly protons deposit their energy in the upper atmosphere of Mars,» said SEP instrument lead Davin Larson of the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley.

The reduced density of the water - gas - mixture allows that deep water is pushed out of the pipe at the upper end to form a fountain above the water table, where gas is released to the atmosphere.

Astrophysicist Gregory Benford of the University of California at Irvine, for instance, suggests dispersing tiny particles into the upper atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from us.

Yet its upper - atmosphere winds howl along at hurricane speeds, circling the planet in just four Earth days.

Prior to atmospheric entry at 14:42 GMT, contact via the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), the world's largest interferometric array, located near Pune, India, was established just after it began transmitting a beacon signal 75 minutes before reaching the upper layers of the Martian atmosphere.

«We are beginning to see the links in a chain that begins with solar - driven processes acting on gas in the upper atmosphere and leads to atmospheric loss,» said Bruce Jakosky, MAVEN principal investigator with the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

At its height between 1960 and 1980, Polyarka was staffed by more than fifty working scientists, engineers, and technicians focused on measurements of surface weather, snow depth, sea ice, and conditions in the upper atmosphere.

Scientists believe Saturn's atmosphere is a layered sandwich of sorts, with a deck of water clouds at the bottom, ammonia hydrosulfide clouds in the middle, and ammonia clouds near the top, just below an upper tropospheric haze of unknown composition that obscures almost everything.

However, radiation changes at the top of the atmosphere from the 1980s to 1990s, possibly related in part to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, appear to be associated with reductions in tropical upper - level cloud cover, and are linked to changes in the energy budget at the surface and changes in observed ocean heat content.

Direct photographs of a meteor's trail (the column of ionized gases formed by the passage of a meteoric body through the upper atmosphere) taken at two points on the Earth's surface several kilometres apart yield the most accurate data for tracing the path of a meteor.

As SEP events may produce very large enhancements in the ion production rate in the Venusian upper and middle atmosphere, investigations of space weather effects at Venus are relevant to future missions to the planet, particularly those carrying low - frequency radar instruments (Nordheim et al. 2015).

«Some of these planets are so hot in their upper atmospheres, they're essentially boiling off into space,» Avi Mandell, a planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and a co-author of the study detailing the findings, said in a statement released Thursday.

There are also numerous «fingerprints» which we would expect to see from an increased greenhouse effect (i.e. more warming at night, at higher latitudes, upper atmosphere cooling) that we have indeed observed (Figure 6).

In addition to these multiple lines of empirical evidence which contradict the GCR warming theory, the galactic cosmic ray theory can not easily explain the cooling of the upper atmosphere, greater warming at night, or greater warming at higher latitudes.

The sulfur would have mixed with the atmosphere during the eruptions, forming sulfur dioxide, which was very effective at blocking solar radiation when it reached the upper layers of the atmosphere.

Maven gives scientists first look at Mars upper atmosphere: Here's what NASA found techtimes.com, Wed., Oct. 15, 2014