However, in cooler temperatures, the water vapor in the planet's
upper atmosphere blocks the light of specific wavelengths which come from deeper layers towards space.
This «flat spectrum» for GJ1214b indicated that something in the planet's
upper atmosphere blocked light, keeping scientists in the dark regarding its atmosphere.
Not exact matches
They can't be observed directly from Earth because they are
blocked by the
atmosphere, but Cherenkov telescopes spot them by detecting the flash of light caused by their collision with atoms in the
upper atmosphere.
The sulfur would have mixed with the
atmosphere during the eruptions, forming sulfur dioxide, which was very effective at
blocking solar radiation when it reached the
upper layers of the
atmosphere.
For the
upper -
atmosphere cooling, I simply remark that infrared coming up from below is
blocked more, as more greenhouse gases are added, so of course it's cooler above the
blocking.
This is a quote from your link: «So even if water vapor in the lower layers of the
atmosphere did entirely
block any radiation that could have been absorbed by CO2, that would not keep the gas from making a difference in the rarified and frigid
upper layers.»
The best - studied proposal, to pump sulfate aerosols into the
upper atmosphere to
block sunlight, would cause its own troubles.
If there were no GHGs, they would not
block the «warm» IR from the surface and they would not emit «cool» IR from the
upper atmosphere.