Sentences with phrase «upper ice layer»

Not exact matches

The weight of the upper layers of the ice sheet causes the deep ice to spread, causing the annual ice layers to become thinner and thinner with depth.

Layers of ice in the upper reaches of glaciers provide a year - by - year chronicle of soot emitted by local industry and by the coal and wood burned to heat homes in the valleys nearby.

During the last glacial maximum, Wiens explained, the weight of the ice bent the Earth's crust, forcing the plastic rock in the upper layer of the Earth's mantle to flow away from the loaded region.

From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.

Now new pollutants are appearing in the upper layers of ice on the glaciers.

Impact craters at many latitudes sometimes expose thin ice layers a foot or so beneath Mars» surface.132 «At polar latitudes, as much as 50 percent of the upper meter of soil may be [water] ice.»

What's happening here is that its ice is flowing at depth over geologic time, trying to fill in the hole, but the stiffer upper layer of the crust is resisting that.

What this argument fails to consider is that the greater SST also produces a more vigorous updraft, so that the rising moist air has less time in which the collision / coalescence process can work before the air reaches the upper cloud layers where spontaneous ice nucleation takes place (at somewhere around -40 C, reached near the top of the troposphere).

Lower Atmosphere is warming, oceans upper layers are warming, arctic summer sea ice is disappearing, WAIS and Greenland are both losing mass annually and the majority of the earths glaciers are losing mass too.

From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.

Until about 1850, there was some natural variability, as can be seen in coralline sponges (following the changes in the upper ocean layer) and ice cores (for the atmosphere).

BBD wrote: «So why isn't the deep ocean cooling as energy is transferred to the upper ocean layer» ---------------------------------------- For the same reason as ice floats

And while temperature should decrease the total amount of carbon in the upper layer of the oceans, we see an increase in carbon (and a decrease in 13C / 12C ratio)- Ice cores, tree carbon and coralline sponges all give small 13C / 12C variations over the Holocene, but all show a steady and ever faster decline since about 1850.

Develop and validate retrieval algorithms for ocean and sea ice parameters from various satellite Earth observation data, which in are used in studies of upper layer mesoscale ocean processes, air - sea - ice interaction, climate change studies and in operational oceanography.

It emphasises that there is a strong internal relationship between the formation, stability and extent of sea ‐ ice and the structure of the upper layer of the Arctic ocean: it is the relative area and depth of low - salinity arctic water above the halocline that are paramount to ice formation and its summer survival.

For example, the lower atmosphere and the upper layers of the ocean have also warmed, snow and ice cover are decreasing in the Northern Hemisphere, the Greenland ice sheet is shrinking, and sea level is rising (see Figure 1b).

Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.

The temperature in the upper layers of these currents seems moreover to have increased by the order of 1 °C since the cooling during the Little Ice Age.