Sentences with phrase «upper layers of the ocean»

Oxygen enters the ocean through two ways: interactions between its surface and the atmosphere, and as a photosynthesis byproduct from phytoplankton in upper layers of the ocean, much in the same way plants on land produce oxygen.

Warming a crude model of the atmosphere and upper layer of the ocean by 1 °C requires about 10,000,000 megaton atomic bombs of energy.

He wonders whether megaplumes carry the gases of an eruption, such as carbon dioxide and methane and helium 3, as well as minerals such as sulfur and iron, to upper layers of the ocean where most plant and animal life resides.

Species: Synechococcus, many species Habitat: swimming inexplicably throughout the sunlit upper layers of the oceans, and many freshwater bodies

Much of the reduction in storm surge stems from slowing the rate of sea level rise (cooler Earth = glaciers melting more slowly, as well as less expansion of the upper layers of the ocean as they warm), the researchers note.

The feeding behaviour of these creatures, known as larvaceans, may transport vast amounts of microplastics from the upper layers of the ocean down into the depths.

Most important, the work simulated the movement of dye — not viscous oil — injected in the upper layers of the ocean — not the deep seafloor — for a total of two months — not the ongoing no - end - in - sight disaster.

Plankton include all the microscopic beings that drift on the upper layer of the oceans, including tiny crustaceans, squid, and mollusks.

For decades, research on climate variations in the Atlantic has focused almost exclusively on the role of ocean circulation as the main driver, specifically the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which carries warm water north in the upper layers of the ocean and cold water south in lower layers like a large conveyor belt.

«More heat is trapped in the upper layers of the ocean, where it can be easily released back into the atmosphere,» Park said.

As may be expected from the positions of ocean currents, most mixing in the upper layers of the ocean takes place on the western boundaries of ocean gyres where the current speeds are greatest.

First the alleged problem is lacking any factual basis — after all, in the last decades the upper layer of the oceans has warmed faster than the deeper (even if recently not quite as fast as before).

Warming is widespread over the upper layer of the ocean (500 meters or so), and this may change normal ocean circulation patterns, with unforeseen consequences.

Mercury levels in the upper layers of the ocean are up 3.4 x since the beginning of the industrial revolution, according to the first study to have done truly global measurements of marine mercury levels by taking thousands of samples around the world over half a decade.

We've been lucky so far because marine currents have been moving a lot of that mercury from the upper layers of the ocean, where there's more life, to the deeper layers that are more sparsely populated.

The upper layers of the oceans change in a matter of weeks, while the deep layers vary over decades to millenia.

Here for example is the climate model simulation of the mixing currents that overturn the upper layers of the ocean across the Pacific.

During El Nino heat stored in the upper layers of the ocean (mainly the western tropical Pacific) surfaces and then is exchanged with the atmosphere, thereby making it (global surface temperatures) warmer - than - average.

So much heat was available in the upper layer of the ocean that, as the surface temperature was cooled from the storm, heat from below welled up, rewarming the surface waters and continuing to feed the storm.

The bottom - up effort, he says, builds on key results from an Office of Naval Research project that uncovered important clues about interactions between the lowest levels of a storm and the upper layer of the ocean underneath it.

For example, the lower atmosphere and the upper layers of the ocean have also warmed, snow and ice cover are decreasing in the Northern Hemisphere, the Greenland ice sheet is shrinking, and sea level is rising (see Figure 1b).

But even there, how much warms the upper layers of the ocean, which are linked to the surface, vs how much penetrates deeper into the ocean where it may not have much immediate influence, is a key issue.