It turned out that lower mantle carbonates should be iron - rich, unlike
upper mantle carbonates (see figure 2 below).
Previous research had shown that
upper mantle carbonates are magnesium - rich and iron - poor.
Not exact matches
Carbonates were known to exist in the
upper mantle due to their role in the deep carbon cycle.
Laboratory experiments and the discovery of tiny bits of
carbonate impurities in lower
mantle diamonds indicated that
carbonates could withstand the extreme pressures and temperatures of not only the
upper mantle, but the lower
mantle as well.