With an evident relationship across the CMIP5 models between equatorial SSTs and
upper ocean temperatures in the extra-tropical subduction regions, our analysis suggests that cold SST biases within the extra-tropical Pacific indeed translate into a cold equatorial bias via the STCs.
Not exact matches
«You can
in fact reduce the
upper ocean [
temperature] by a degree Celsius, maybe 2, which would have a measurable effect on the intensity of the hurricane, but the practical concerns were hard to overcome.»
Linsley said the new results were «exciting,» suggesting that the «poorly understood, rapid rise»
in surface
temperature from 1910 to 1940 was,
in part, «related to changes
in trade wind strength and heat release from the
upper water column» of the Pacific
Ocean.
Some of the methane hydrates
in the Arctic and
upper continental slopes such as the northern Pacific
Ocean are beginning to thaw as
temperatures rise.
Temperatures in the
upper 700 meters of the
ocean rose over the last two decades of the 20th century before flattening out
in 2003.
Time series of
temperature anomaly for all waters warmer than 14 °C show large reductions
in interannual to inter-decadal variability and a more spatially uniform
upper ocean warming trend (0.12 Wm − 2 on average) than previous results.
Scientists think this reversal
in strength was driven by changes
in sea surface
temperature and
upper -
ocean ventilation.
They found increases
in sea surface
temperature and
upper ocean heat content made the
ocean more conducive to tropical cyclone intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the atmosphere more favorable for the growth of these storms.
From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world
ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203
ocean temperature in the
upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean
temperature adjusted for sea ice
in the corresponding layer of the Arctic
Ocean increased 0.203
Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.
The
oceans are heating up: Not only was Earth's
temperature record warm
in 2014, but so were the global
oceans, as sea surface
temperatures and the heat of the
upper oceans also hit record highs.
New research published this week
in the Journal of Climate reveals that one key measurement — large - scale
upper -
ocean temperature changes caused by natural cycles of the
ocean — is a good indicator of regional coastal sea level changes on these decadal timescales.
Trending increases
in certain environmental conditions that brew up these storms: increased sea surface and
upper ocean temperatures and atmospheric instability.
They compared existing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) records of
upper -
ocean temperatures in coastal waters for each U.S.
ocean coastline with records of actual sea level changes from 1955 to 2012, and data from U.S. / European satellite altimeter missions since 1992.
If all of this energy went into an accumulation of
temperature in the
upper 100 m of the global
oceans, we would see an
upper mean 100 m global
ocean temperature increase of 1.1 oC.»
Linear trend (1955 — 2003) of zonally averaged
temperature in the
upper 1,500 m of the water column of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and World
Oceans.
This recent slower warming
in the
upper ocean is closely related to the slower warming of the global surface
temperature, because the
temperature of the overlaying atmosphere is strongly coupled to the
temperature of the
ocean surface.
In any event, it is the predictable long term growth in temperature in the system consisting of atmosphere and upper ocean — which has no long term chaos in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprise
In any event, it is the predictable long term growth
in temperature in the system consisting of atmosphere and upper ocean — which has no long term chaos in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprise
in temperature in the system consisting of atmosphere and upper ocean — which has no long term chaos in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprise
in the system consisting of atmosphere and
upper ocean — which has no long term chaos
in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprise
in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprises.
But more important than agreement with computer models is the fact that four years with no warming
in the
upper ocean does not erase the 50 years of warming we've seen since
ocean temperature measurements became widespread....
From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world
ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203
ocean temperature in the
upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean
temperature adjusted for sea ice
in the corresponding layer of the Arctic
Ocean increased 0.203
Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.
In some rough order of certainty we can consider that the 11 year solar cycle impacts on the following are well accepted: stratospheric ozone, cosmogenic isotope production,
upper atmospheric geopotential heights, stratospheric
temperatures and (slightly less certain and with small magnitudes ~ 0.1 deg C) tropospheric and
ocean temperatures.
The
upper atmosphere has a small heat capacity and reaches equilibrium
temperature in considerably under a year; this feeds back on the forcing of the trosphere + surface, which are generally convectively coupled with the
ocean (strongly with the
upper ocean) and take a number of years to reach equilibrium.
One thing I would have liked to see
in the paper is a quantitative side - by - side comparison of sea - surface
temperatures and
upper ocean heat content; all the paper says is that only «a small amount of cooling is observed at the surface, although much less than the cooling at depth» though they do report that it is consistent with 2 - yr cooling SST trend — but again, no actual data analysis of the SST trend is reported.
Many of the surface currents of the world
oceans (i.e., the
ocean «gyres» which appear as rotating horizontal current systems
in the
upper ocean) are driven by the wind, however, the sinking
in the Arctic is related to the buoyancy forcing (effects that change either the
temperature or salinity of the water, and hence its buoyancy).
In that optic, is the cooling of the upper Atmosphere sufficient to counterbalance the warming of the troposphere, or is it necessary to investigate variations in the ocean temperatur
In that optic, is the cooling of the
upper Atmosphere sufficient to counterbalance the warming of the troposphere, or is it necessary to investigate variations
in the ocean temperatur
in the
ocean temperature?
In time, as the
temperature rises, even the
oceans may become net emitters as the warmer
upper layers lose their capacity to hold the carbon dioxide which they have already absorbed.
If the rather quick response of CO2 rise / year just 5 - 9 months after
temperature changes reflects equilibrium with the
oceans, then we are only
in physical contact with the
upper meters of the
ocean.
The effect of
temperature on
oceans: An increase
in (
upper)
ocean temperature will increase the release of CO2
in warm parts and decrease the uptake of CO2
in cold parts of the
oceans.
As I understand it, areas of the Planet such as the atmosphere,
upper ocean, deep
ocean etc. should,
in a perfect (ly mixed) world increase
in temperature uniformily (i.e.
in step with each other).
In fact there is a gravitationally induced temperature gradient (aka lapse rate) in any planetary troposphere, and thermal energy absorbed from solar radiation in the upper troposphere can flow up that sloping thermal profile restoring thermodynamic equilibrium as it does so, and even entering the ocean
In fact there is a gravitationally induced
temperature gradient (aka lapse rate)
in any planetary troposphere, and thermal energy absorbed from solar radiation in the upper troposphere can flow up that sloping thermal profile restoring thermodynamic equilibrium as it does so, and even entering the ocean
in any planetary troposphere, and thermal energy absorbed from solar radiation
in the upper troposphere can flow up that sloping thermal profile restoring thermodynamic equilibrium as it does so, and even entering the ocean
in the
upper troposphere can flow up that sloping thermal profile restoring thermodynamic equilibrium as it does so, and even entering the
oceans.
In the present study, satellite altimetric height and historically available in situ temperature data were combined using the method developed by Willis et al. [2003], to produce global estimates of upper ocean heat content, thermosteric expansion, and temperature variability over the 10.5 - year period from the beginning of 1993 through mid-2003.
In the present study, satellite altimetric height and historically available
in situ temperature data were combined using the method developed by Willis et al. [2003], to produce global estimates of upper ocean heat content, thermosteric expansion, and temperature variability over the 10.5 - year period from the beginning of 1993 through mid-2003.
in situ
temperature data were combined using the method developed by Willis et al. [2003], to produce global estimates of
upper ocean heat content, thermosteric expansion, and
temperature variability over the 10.5 - year period from the beginning of 1993 through mid-2003...
To conduct the research, a team of scientists led by John Fasullo of the US National Center for Atmospheric Research
in Boulder, Colorado, combined data from three sources: NASA's GRACE satellites, which make detailed measurements of Earth's gravitational field, enabling scientists to monitor changes
in the mass of continents; the Argo global array of 3,000 free - drifting floats, which measure the
temperature and salinity of the
upper layers of the
oceans; and satellite - based altimeters that are continuously calibrated against a network of tide gauges.
«Storms like Harvey are helped by one of the consequences of climate change: As the air warms, some of that heat is absorbed by the
ocean, which
in turn raises the
temperature of the sea's
upper layers.
«The deployment of the Argo floats from 2000 — 2004 is a revolution
in the
ocean observing capabilities and it is only after 2003 that regular and spatially homogenous
temperature soundings of the
upper 2000 m are available» (Dr. Kevin Trenberth was a lead author of the IPCC's 2nd, 3rd and 4th Assessment Reports.)
But the NASA researchers said their approach, described
in the journal Nature Climate Change, is the first to test the idea using satellite observations, as well as direct
temperature measurements of the
upper ocean.
And while
temperature should decrease the total amount of carbon
in the
upper layer of the
oceans, we see an increase
in carbon (and a decrease
in 13C / 12C ratio)- Ice cores, tree carbon and coralline sponges all give small 13C / 12C variations over the Holocene, but all show a steady and ever faster decline since about 1850.
The process of evaporation also requires energy from heat, and the warmer the
temperatures are
in the
upper ocean and at the
ocean surface, the more energy is available.
The initial objective of the Argo program was to operate 3200 profiling floats
in the ice - free waters from 60 ° N to 60 ° S to measure pressure,
temperature, and salinity
in the
upper 2000 meters of the
ocean.
Scientists think this reversal
in strength was driven by changes
in sea surface
temperature and
upper -
ocean ventilation.
But average
temperature of the
upper 700 m layer of
oceans only increased by 0.1 °C
in the last 57 years (10.5 × 10 ²² Joules of heat does exactly that to 2.5 × 10 ²⁰ kg water).
Global warming took surface
temperatures in 2017 to near - record levels, while the
upper oceans reached their hottest known level.
19 January, 2018 — Global warming took surface
temperatures in 2017 to near - record levels, while the
upper oceans reached their hottest known level.
Since AR4, instrumental biases
in upper -
ocean temperature records have been identified and reduced, enhancing confidence
in the assessment of change.
«
Ocean surface
temperatures — water
temperatures are
in the mid to
upper 30s, which doesn't sound that warm but is well above the freezing point of sea water, which is about 29 degrees Fahrenheit.
First, the human - spawned ozone depletion
in the
upper atmosphere over the Southern
Ocean has created large changes
in temperature throughout the atmosphere, Le Quéré says.
(Fingerprint studies draw conclusions about human causation that can be deduced from: (a) how the Earth warms
in the
upper and lower atmosphere, (b) warming
in the
oceans, (c) night - time vs day - time
temperature increases, (d) energy escaping from the
upper atmosphere versus energy trapped, (e) isotopes of CO2
in the atmosphere and coral that distinguish fossil CO2 from non-fossil CO2, (f) the height of the boundary between the lower and
upper atmosphere, and (g) atmospheric oxygen levels decrease as CO2 levels increase.
This is also indicative of an ozone / UV link
in determining
temperature in the stratosphere,
upper troposphere and the tropical
oceans.
Tourre, Y. M., Y. Kushnir, and W. B. White, 1999: Evolution of interdecadal variability
in sea level pressure, sea surface
temperature, and
upper ocean temperature over the Pacific O
ocean temperature over the Pacific
OceanOcean.
Observations suggest lower values for climate sensitivity whether we study long - term humidity,
upper tropospheric
temperature trends, outgoing long wave radiation, cloud cover changes, or the changes
in the heat content of the vast
oceans.
White, W., and D. Cayan, 1998: Quasi-periodicity and global symmetries
in interdecadal
upper ocean temperature variability, J. Geophys.
The latter continues a fairly steady upward trend while the surface
temperatures and
upper ocean heat content undergo a hiatus
in warming after about 2004.