Sentences with phrase «upper water layers»

In the Gulf of Finland, the phosphate phosphorus content of the surface layer has increased from last winter due to the phosphate that was released from the seabed and carried to the deep water from the main basin and from the Gulf's own seabed during last spring, summer and early autumn, and then mixed with the upper water layers due to storms.

Not exact matches

More fresh water in the surface water layers makes it harder for the nutrient - rich bottom water to rise to the upper layers where the sunlight ensures the production of plankton algae in summer.

According to the researchers, to better understand if Matthew's intensification was aided by the warm - water eddies and the residing barrier layer in the Caribbean Sea's upper ocean, more ambient and in - storm upper ocean observations in this basin are needed to improve forecast models for the region.

When analyzing the data, they found a barrier layer, an upper ocean feature created by the Amazon - Orinoco freshwater river outflow, that makes mixing in the upper ocean waters less efficient during wind events.

The compaction decreases downward water flow through the soil, drying out the upper soil layers, Resner and her colleagues found.

Researchers looking to solve this mystery found that ocean heat content had remained high, so a sudden chill in ocean waters (which would have caused upper layers of the seas to shrink in volume) wasn't the answer.

For decades, research on climate variations in the Atlantic has focused almost exclusively on the role of ocean circulation as the main driver, specifically the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which carries warm water north in the upper layers of the ocean and cold water south in lower layers like a large conveyor belt.

Scientists believe Saturn's atmosphere is a layered sandwich of sorts, with a deck of water clouds at the bottom, ammonia hydrosulfide clouds in the middle, and ammonia clouds near the top, just below an upper tropospheric haze of unknown composition that obscures almost everything.

Furthermore, a deeper upper layer of warm surface water may weaken the cold tongue if the Ekman pumping doesn't reach down below the thermocline to bring up colder water, and weakened trade winds would have a similar effect through reduced Ekman pumping near the equator.

For each measurement, they lowered a marine snow catcher beneath the upper layer of the ocean to capture a water sample.

Note that Ekman pumping does not penetrate deep into the oceanic interior, but since the trades advect the surface waters westward, the upper layer of warm sea water is deeper in the west than in the east.

One theory as to why: Climate change is producing warmer layers of upper water that trap colder water below.

Continued thaw results in draining of surface waters and drying of upper soil layers, which might mitigate CH4 loss to the atmosphere [Watts et al., 2014].

Impact craters at many latitudes sometimes expose thin ice layers a foot or so beneath Mars» surface.132 «At polar latitudes, as much as 50 percent of the upper meter of soil may be [water] ice.»

In contrast to a normal bath in which moisture is extracted from the skin, the sole or salt bath allows salt to be stored in the upper callous layer of the skin and binds water.

The upper layer is coarse and water resistant and the under coat is soft and thick for insulation.

Note that Ekman pumping does not penetrate deep into the oceanic interior, but since the trades advect the surface waters westward, the upper layer of warm sea water is deeper in the west than in the east.

Furthermore, a deeper upper layer of warm surface water may weaken the cold tongue if the Ekman pumping doesn't reach down below the thermocline to bring up colder water, and weakened trade winds would have a similar effect through reduced Ekman pumping near the equator.

Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of heat from the ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving more of the heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to increase water temperature.

Even assuming that the dataset is comprehensive: Considering that the upper - ocean cooling is seen mainly at 30N and 30S, another explanation for this cooling is increased ocean — to — atmosphere heat transfer in these regions (possibly aided by hurricane - mixing of the upper ocean layer, and advection of deeper cold water as a result).

However, in cooler temperatures, the water vapor in the planet's upper atmosphere blocks the light of specific wavelengths which come from deeper layers towards space.

How can the deeper water be warming if the upper layer isn't?

This is a quote from your link: «So even if water vapor in the lower layers of the atmosphere did entirely block any radiation that could have been absorbed by CO2, that would not keep the gas from making a difference in the rarified and frigid upper layers.»

Continued thaw results in draining of surface waters and drying of upper soil layers, which might mitigate CH4 loss to the atmosphere [Watts et al., 2014].

There is 1.85 2.18 times as much water in the deeper layer (700m — 2,000 m) as the upper layer (0 — 700m).

Basically, as fast as heat loiters about on our planet's surface, it either radiates off to space or Water will pick it up and carry it to the upper layers of our atmosphere, where it will change form from gas to liquid or solid giving off heat to space while being super cooled at the same time.

Although the ocean systems are complex, and time scales are a confounding factor in visualizing effects, I think a simple diagram or animation would show that of course mechanical transfer of warmer water to a lower stratum is going to eventually result in warmer upper layers.

euphotic zone the upper layers of a body of water into which sufficient light penetrates to permit photosynthesis

But average temperature of the upper 700 m layer of oceans only increased by 0.1 °C in the last 57 years (10.5 × 10 ²² Joules of heat does exactly that to 2.5 × 10 ²⁰ kg water).

The Coriolis force in balance with this horizontal pressure gradient force gives rise to a dynamically induced geostrophic current, which occurs throughout the upper layer of warm water.

Downwelling LWIR is principally absorbed in the upper thin layer of water.

This isotherm is chosen because it lies within the center of the main thermocline and is often used as an indicator of the upper layer flow in the western tropical Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico waters.

The largest changes of water vapor with temperature occur in the boundary layer and the upper troposphere.

This flow exerts a shearing stress on the ocean surface, which results in the deflection of the upper layer of water above the thermocline to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

The deep waters, being warmer than such surface waters, rise to the surface, as the upper layers sink slowly into the dark ocean depths.

As explained several times before, I'm not suggesting that the deeper water gets warmer than the upper layers.

The fully adhered membrane over the top surface of the upper layer of plywood directly under the roof shingles is for water control.

ANSWER: the role of the upper layers of the water vapour (wv) on the OLR has been said on figures 6 - C and 6 - D; less wv means a higher OLR over significant parts of the water vapour spectrum (figure 6 - A) compared to the ten (s) of cm - 1 of the tropospheric CO2.

It is not «conduction» but exchange of radiation; if you keep your hands parallel at a distance of some cm the right hand does not (radiatively) «warm» the left hand or vice versa albeit at 33 °C skin temperature they exchange some hundreds of W / m ² (about 500 W / m ²) The solar radiation reaching the surface (for 71 % of the surface, the oceans) is lost by evaporation (or evapotranspiration of the vegetation), plus some convection (20 W / ²) and some radiation reaching the cosmos directly through the window 8µm to 12 µm (about 20 W / m ² «global» average); only the radiative heat flow surface to air (absorbed by the air) is negligible (plus or minus); the non radiative (latent heat, sensible heat) are transferred for surface to air and compensate for a part of the heat lost to the cosmos by the upper layer of the water vapour displayed on figure 6 - C.

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation A major current in the Atlantic Ocean, characterized by a northward flow of warm, salty water in the upper layers of the Atlantic, and a southward flow of colder water in the deep Atlantic.

* the water vapour content of upper layer of the air (in blue figure 6 - D) will change by about 12 % / K near the tropopause and is reduced by the enhanced cooling of the 250 mbar layer; hence the water vapour radiation will the be from a «lower and warmer» level, with a very significant spectral leverage of a factor of ten (400 cm - 1 for the water vapour w.r.t to 40 cm - 1 for the CO2).

It emphasises that there is a strong internal relationship between the formation, stability and extent of sea ‐ ice and the structure of the upper layer of the Arctic ocean: it is the relative area and depth of low - salinity arctic water above the halocline that are paramount to ice formation and its summer survival.

If there is slightly less water vapour in the upper troposphere near 300 mbar then the OLR from water vapour will originate from a lower and warmer layer and the OLR will increase.

The water vapour content of the air has been roughly constant since more than 50 years but the humidity of the upper layers of the troposphere has been decreasing: the IPCC foretold the opposite to assert its «positive water vapour feedback» with increasing CO2.

Truth n ° 10 The water vapour content of the air has been roughly constant since more than 50 years but the humidity of the upper layers of the troposphere has been decreasing: the IPCC foretold the opposite to assert its «positive water vapour feedback» with increasing CO2.

In the most recent observations from 2013 - 2014, the upper layers» compensatory variability has given way to warming over the entire water column from 0 — 2000 m.

Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.

Unless all the ocean currents started to act in concert and deliver either hot or cold water to the upper ocean layer?

Pierre - Normand: Not so if the temporary slowdown in the warming of the upper layer is a result of more upwelling of colder water from below as a consequence of ENSO / PDO variability (mainly: more La Ninas).

Not so if the temporary slowdown in the warming of the upper layer is a result of more upwelling of colder water from below as a consequence of ENSO / PDO variability (mainly: more La Ninas).