If the world of geophysics has a vision of El Dorado it would be something like this: the ability to see into
the uppermost surface of the earth's crust with the very same accuracy that we see the earth's obvious features — its rivers, rocks, mountains and plains.
In the show that first forged his artistic identity in 1991 at the influential Nicola Jacobs Gallery, Stubbs exhibited an extraordinary group of paintings each made of a stack of canvases with thick paint oozing out between them,
their uppermost surfaces unambiguously decorated like a cake, with oil applied through icing funnels.
Not exact matches
The
uppermost layer — the lithosphere, divided into tectonic plates — is a rind of cool, rigid rock some 200 miles thick that slides slowly across the
surface of the asthenosphere, the warmer, weaker roughly 100 - mile - thick layer below.
Using spectral readings from telescopes at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, Hand has found high levels of oxidative chemicals such as sulfate, oxygen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on Europa's
surface, which are produced as ionizing radiation from Jupiter scours it, splitting apart water molecules and sulfur compounds in the
uppermost layers of its ice.
What the physicists discovered was surprising: although the
uppermost layer of the
surface always consisted purely of SiO2, the tip of the atomic force microscope experienced different frictional forces depending on the thickness of the silicon dioxide layer.
The sea
surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary interface between the atmosphere and ocean, spanning the
uppermost ~ 1 mm of the ocean.
Fresh porcine retinal tissue was dissected, orientated on a 0.45 mm filter with the photoreceptor cell
surface uppermost and placed on top of the iPS - RPE monolayer so that outer segments were adjacent to the RPE.
It works on the
uppermost layers of skin's
surface, loosening the bonds between dead
surface layers and the radiant skin beneath them.
The sun heats the
uppermost few meters; this has to find its way to the actual very thin
surface layer to be lost.
There is a whole science to
uppermost atmosphere physics, where a lot of stuff typically breaks down (like the ideal gas law and Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium which climatologists take for granted) but it's almost a different field all together with little, if any, influence on
surface temperature and energy budget discussions.
Though the
uppermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, the thermosphere, is extremely tenuous compared with the dense lower layer at the
surface, it is not a perfect vacuum.
Steel pipe known as
surface casing is cemented into place at the
uppermost portion of a well to protect the groundwater.
Petra, The global average
surface temperature as calculated by the various groups is an indicator of the warming of the system that includes the oceans, the atmosphere and the
uppermost layers of ground.
This wind distribution drives a system of
surface currents in the
uppermost 100 metres of the ocean.
Monthly summaries of precipitation, the relative humidity of
surface air and the volumetric moisture content (the percentage of water per unit volume) of the
uppermost 7 cm of soil are available from April 2017 onwards.
Soil - moisture values are for the
uppermost 7 cm of soil, as modelled by the Tiled ECMWF Scheme for
Surface Exchanges over Land (TESSEL).
The dry and wet indicators from ERA - Interim are precipitation, the relative humidity of
surface air and the volumetric moisture content (the percentage of water per unit volume) of the
uppermost 7 cm of soil.
Anander, If the radiation changes rapidly, what you say is true, but it does not take long for the
uppermost tens of meters to reach an equilibrium and in the equilibrium the heat transfer from the
surface to atmosphere (and space) must equal the radiative heating.
Thus the mixing of the
uppermost ocean might change a tiny bit, but otherwise both would lead to increased incoming radiation reaching the ocean
surface from above.