Sentences with phrase «upstream emissions of»

«Under the 2012 rules [car companies are] responsible for upstream emissions of power plants for charging EVs [electric vehicles].

Not exact matches

It produces this estimate for emissions from all upstream transportation and distribution primarily using data collected from its third - party logistics coordinators and EPA emission factors; only 7 % of emissions are from «primary data.»

Probably the most discussed aspect of the NGP Report (see this excellent discussion on CBC's The 180 beginning at around the seven minute mark) is the JRP's treatment (or lack thereof) of «upstream» greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), and specifically the apparent asymmetry between the JRP's decision to consider the need to open markets for projected increases in oil production — the vast majority of which would uncontrovertibly be from the oil sands — but not the GHGs associated with this projected growth.

The move came after Canada's National Energy Board announced a broader review of the Energy East project, including its impact on upstream and downstream greenhouse gas emissions.

The emissions from consumer products also dwarfed those from the production of oil and gas, called upstream emissions.

It's sad that the biggest takeaway from the UT Austin / Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) study on methane emissions from upstream shale gas production has been the involvement of industry.

Instead of regulating carbon at the many smokestacks where emissions occur, the group recommends regulating by cap - and - trade permits directed «upstream» at the wellheads, mine mouths, and import points where oil, coal, and natural gas enter the economy.

Repetto of Yale points out that unlike a market for emissions, which come from countless sources and can be complicated to calculate, «an upstream system is very easy to administer.

The charts also show a breakdown of total emissions into tailpipe emissions at point - of - use (CO2: 2.15 tonnes, NOx + PMs: 6.3 kilograms), together with upstream emissions generated during fuel and vehicle production.

Honda's vision for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which is reflected in our environmental slogan of Blue Skies for our Children, inspires us to lead and innovate in every aspect of our operations, from our product engineering and manufacturing practices to our upstream sales and service activities.

Their conclusion is that upstream emissions are low, 0.42 % of natural gas production (lower than we estimated for shale gas back in our April 2011 paper, and towards the low end of what we estimated for conventional natural gas).

All of these studies are reporting upstream emission estimates that are 10 - to 20-fold higher than those reported in this new paper by the Allen and colleagues.

Since these emissions occur upstream in a company's supply chain (e.g. land - use change associated with the procurement of raw materials) or downstream in customer's use products (e.g. the energy used when a consumer plugs in a company's phone or refrigerates their food products), they are difficult to tackle in the short - term.

Most studies have shown that more than half of the methane leakage from natural gas comes from drilling sites and gas processing plants (i.e. upstream emissions), with the remainder coming from pipelines and storage systems (i.e. downstream emission).

We then consider adding a simple carbon tax on biofuels» and biomass» combustion emissions, regardless of upstream sequestration or emissions.

Moreover, even when emissions from the generation of electricity (upstream emissions) were considered, electric vehicles produced 21 times less carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per year than their gasoline - powered alternatives.

Further, due to growing output, total emissions from the oil sands continue to increase despite the reduced CI; total upstream emissions were roughly 65 MtCO2e, or 9 % of Canada's emissions, in 2010.

Although the burning of fossil fuels generates most of the potential emissions from most reserves, emissions from production and processing operations (known as «upstream emissions») can also be important, depending on the reserve type and technologies used.

Indirect emissions or emissions «allocated to the end - use sector» refer to the energy use in end - use sectors and account for the emissions associated with the upstream production of the end - use energy.

But the findings of the Alberta study clearly suggest that actual methane emissions from the upstream oil and gas sector (excluding mined oil sands) are likely to be at least 25 to 50 per cent greater than estimated.

But building any of these pipelines ignores the fact that upstream oil and gas emissions under Alberta's plan, given NEB projections, will account for more than three quarters (76 %) of Canada's emissions by 2040 and 100 % by 2050 — if emissions reduction targets are to be met.

These upstream sources account for between 5 percent and 37 percent (an average of 15 percent) of fossil fuels» total emissions, from exploration to consumption.

Research conducted by Tyndall Manchester has evaluated the upstream and operational local pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional fuels alongside a wider range of alternative fuels up to 2050.

Complement any expansion of coal and natural gas development with research and development of environmental technologies to help sustain these upstream resource expansions through future administrations that may shift the focus of energy policy back to carbon emissions 4.

Using LCA in this way requires more accurate assessments of the emissions intensity upstream of the refinery for each crude.

This is part of their overall goal to reduce environmental impacts upstream, such as air emissions, water use, water pollution, land use change and waste through their Environmental Profit & Loss account (EP&L).

Generally speaking, upstream emissions are small relative to consumption emissions, but, in the case of the oil sands, emissions associated with the production of the bitumen are much higher than for conventional oils.

* The full detail of the Kering target is as follows: Kering commits to reduce scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 emissions from upstream transportation and distribution, business air travel and fuel and energy related emissions 50 % per unit of value added by 2025 from a 2015 base - year.

The key observation is that the GHG emissions of alternative fuels are usually not end - of - pipe but occur upstream, and a varying.

Many of these damages vary with the location of air - emission releases, so it is important to account for the existing and potential future locations of vehicle tailpipes, power plants, oil refineries, vehicle and battery production facilities, and upstream supply chain entities, such as mines for raw material extraction.

That's true even when one counts the energy - intensive tar sands extraction and processing — and, of course, there are plenty of upstream emissions associated with coal mining that I've left out of the equation here.

California applies its cap as upstream as it is able and (starting in 2015) it covers 85 % of emissions.

Hargrave, T. (1998), US Carbon Emissions Trading: Description of an Upstream Approach, Center for Clear Air Policy, Washington, DC.

Scope 3 can at times be the largest source of a company's emissions and covers both upstream and downstream activities.

It has come out in favor of a so - called «upstream cap and trade» carbon market that would cap emissions at the level of fossil fuel suppliers instead of energy consumers like utilities.

Given that, if one wants freedom of choice and an efficient market, shouldn't one accept a market solution (tax / credit or analogous system based on public costs, applied strategically to minimize paperwork (don't tax residential utility bills — apply upstream instead), applied approximately fairly to both be fair and encourage an efficient market response (don't ignore any significant category, put all sources of the same emission on equal footing; if cap / trade, allow some exchange between CO2 and CH4, etc, based CO2 (eq); include ocean acidification, etc.), allowing some approximation to that standard so as to not get very high costs in dealing with small details and also to address the biggest, most - well understood effects and sources first (put off dealing with the costs and benifits of sulphate aerosols, etc, until later if necessary — but get at high - latitude black carbon right away)?

Upstream tar sands emissions from filling the pipeline would produce an additional 6.5 million tonnes of carbon pollution every year.