Scaled to the entire circumpolar current, the mixing we observe is compatible with there being a southern component to the global overturning in which about 20 sverdrups (1 Sv = 106 m3 s − 1)
upwell in the Southern Ocean, with cross-density mixing contributing a significant fraction (20 to 30 per cent) of this total, and the remainder upwelling along constant - density surfaces.
Eventually this cold water will
upwell in the tropics and release its CO2.
Not exact matches
Then, using simulations, researchers tracked virtual particles traveling
in such deep water as it
upwells around the continent (below right, two examples shown; blue and red dots indicate start and finish of the paths of two particles).
During normal conditions, trade winds blow to the west across the tropical Pacific Ocean, piling up warm surface water
in the western Pacific, and cold, deeper water rises up, or
upwells, off the west coast of South America.
This heavy element
upwells from a star's core (where it is produced) to the surface (near where it is observed)
in a phase called the third dredge - up, when material
in deep helium - burning layers is brought to the surface through convection.
The invite the salps over for dinner idea has yet to be shown doable (100 million plus giant drain pipes
in the Gulf of Mexico that somehow utilize wave action to
upwell nutrients) and would come close to a billion tons a year if it worked.
In addition to reducing greenhouse emissions, we can
upwell cold water and nutrients to cool the surface and increase ocean food production.
In places surface water sinks — driving deep ocean currents — and in others it upwell
In places surface water sinks — driving deep ocean currents — and
in others it upwell
in others it
upwells.
Consider oyster farmers
in the Pacific Northwest, who have seen over 90 percent of their oyster «spat» (their term for baby oysters) die off when corrosive waters
upwell from the deep Pacific onto the continental shelf.
This
upwells cold water
in the tropics and downwells warm water from the tropical surface out to the mid-latitude depths.
The AMO should be out of phase
in the region of the Antarctic circumpolar ocean (21), where deep water from the North Atlantic
upwells.
«This is particularly important at the Antarctic Polar Front (red boxed area
in the scheme, the area where the «old», CO2 - rich waters described
in the article
upwell to the surface and release CO2 to the atmosphere), where an enormous amount of biological production takes place
in late spring / summer.