Sentences with phrase «upwelling regions»

Substantial biodiversity exists in both pelagic and benthic realms and along coastlines, in a diverse range of ecosystems from highly productive (e.g., upwelling regions) to those with low productivity (e.g., oceanic gyres).

This may mean deep ocean water will have a high concentration of it and dump it on the way up in upwelling regions of the ocean.

Thus the effect of sediment cores, which show strong local effects (e.g. in upwelling regions) is minimized, and the mean SST anomaly should be more representative for large scale tropical conditions (dominated by large scale forcings, such as lowered CO2 concentrations).

Changes in global cloud cover are dominated by changes in Pacific cloud over the eastern upwelling regions.

Both are driven by polar storms and winds penetrating deep into low latitudes and funneling winds and currents to the cold water upwelling regions of the eastern Pacific.

Between 2 and 3 million years ago the cooling of the deep oceans reached a tipping point, and modern upwelling regions ogf cold deep water off the coast of Peru, California and the west coast of Africa were established.

Consenquently, the associated SST pattern is slightly cooler in the deep convection upwelling regions of the Equitorial Pacific and the Indian Ocean, strongly cooler in the nearest deep convection source region of the South Atlantic near Africa and the Equator, warm over the bulk of the North Atlantic, strongly warmer where the gulf stream loses the largest portion of its heat near 50N 25W, and strongly cooler near 45N 45W, which turns out to be a back - eddy of the Gulf Stream with increased transport of cold water from the north whenever the Gulf Stream is running quickly.

To untangle the impacts that these three climate stressors will have on seafloor diversity in the future, the researchers examined existing published data and collected new data on organisms living in deep - sea sediments in upwelling regions along continental margins, where the ocean and continental crusts meet along the seafloor.

Such hot spots included the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the nutrient - rich upwelling regions off the coasts of South America and West Africa.

Offshore, mean monthly sea surface temperatures range from 15.4 °C to 20.1 °C [3], but in the nearshore upwelling region, variability is greater and temperatures range from 10 °C to 18 °C [4].

Accordingly upwelled regions are typically key reproductive habitat supporting an abundance of juveniles.

A modelled simulation of the California Current upwelling region (Gruber et al. 2012) forecasts that summer - long undersaturation will occur in the top 60 m of the water column by year 2040 and that by 2050 aragonite saturation states greater than 1.5 will have disappeared, driving more than one half of the water column to undersaturation year - round.

Not exact matches

Scientists thought strong upwelling of colder deep waters spared the region from the warming seen in other parts of the Pacific, she said.

MELT OFF Off the coast of the western Antarctic Peninsula (shown), upwelling of relatively warm, deep water has been linked to the melting of ice shelves, which help buttress the region's glaciers.

Even as phytoplankton blooms sequester new carbon, the upwelling of deep, subsurface water currents in the region bring old, once - sequestered carbon back to the surface waters, allowing for exchange with the atmosphere.

The models then identified similar upwelling and feeding regions in the Northern Indian Ocean that are also likely to be important habitat for the endangered species.

The study found cooler sea temperatures, greater precipitation and stronger upwelling — all indicators of La Niña - like conditions at the study site in Panama — during a period when coral reef accretion stopped in this region around 4,100 years ago.

The circulating boiling pattern — convection — appears as large regions of hot upwelling gas on the star's surface.

Effectively, CO2 is absorbed into the ocean in polar regions and is outgassed via the tropics and other upwelling zones.

In general, the regions of expanding warming upwelling water in the Indian Ocean, North Pacific, or wherever they are, must create slight bulges in the surface, and the regions of shrinking, cooling, sinking water in the Arctic must create slight depressions in the sea surface (again, I mean in a very low pass sense — obviously storms, tides, etc, create all kinds of short - terms signals obscuring this).

At the same time, the accelerated trade winds have increased equatorial upwelling in the central and eastern Pacific, lowering sea surface temperature there, which drives further cooling in other regions.

Heat capacity that is «used» over a longer period of time (penetration of temperature change through the depths of the ocean and up to regions of upwelling) would leave a more persistent residual imbalance, but the effect would only just stall the full change to equilibrium climate, not change the long term equilibrium sensitivity.)

As mentioned here, as the troposphere becomes more optically thick, the height at which IR is released to space is higher and cooler which means there is less upwelling IR to the regions above the troposphere.

5) Given that that Ferrel Cells acts like a ball bearing between the upwelling of the Polar Cells and the downwelling of the Hadley Cells, you would expect there to be weather implications within the region of the Northern Ferrel Cell if the relative rate of circulation of the Arctic Polar and Northern Hadley cells alters.

increased CO -LCB- sub 2 -RCB- by using ocean models that include realistic processes such as horizontal heat transport, vertical mixing due to convection and small - scale processes, and upwelling along coastal regions and the equator.

This water rises in warmer regions through a process called upwelling.

According to McLean: «The abruptness of this change in upwelling appears likely to be related to some cataclysmic event in the region.

The circulation is asymmetric, with conversion to dense waters in restricted regions at high latitudes and the return to the surface involving slow upwelling and diffusive processes over much larger geographic regions.

More or less flow in the Peruvian Current enhances or otherwise upwelling in the region of the Humboldt Current.

Because the active region of convective clouds is located relatively in the eastern Pacific sector during El Niño events, it is suggested that the stronger upwelling and the higher tropopause associated with the convective cloud activity bring about less total ozone.»

The upwelling that comes with a negative PDO will turn the PDO region just blue as the upwelling that is present along the eastern Pacific equator.

report that ocean sediment cores containing an «undisturbed history of the past» have been analyzed for variations in PP over timescales that include the Little Ice Age... they determined that during the LIA the ocean off Peru had «low PP, diatoms and fish,» but that «at the end of the LIA, this condition changed abruptly to the low subsurface oxygen, eutrophic upwelling ecosystem that today produces more fish than any region of the world's oceans... write that «in coastal environments, PP, diatoms and fish and their associated predators are predicted to decrease and the microbial food web to increase under global warming scenarios,» citing Ito et al..

This region of upwelling propagates across the central Pacific driven by winds and Coriolis forces enhancing Walker Circulation — which with Hadley Circulation establishes the dominant trade winds in the north and south sub equatorial regions.

Sea butterflies prefer to graze in highly productive regions generated by nutrient rich but corrosive upwelled waters.

Changes in the upwelling or circulation regimes could affect dissolved oxygen (DO) in these regions [4], [27].

Several sources of data test the hypothesis that upwelling increased in the region, resulting in declining δ13C.

As shown on figure 17 - D the regions for absorption and out - gassing are separate; there is no «global» equilibrium between the atmosphere and the ocean; carbon absorbed tens of years ago at high latitudes is resurfacing in upwellings; carbon absorbed by plants months to centuries ago is degassed by soils.

The cloud radiative effect (CRE) on the Earth's present - day radiation budget can be inferred from satellite data by comparing upwelling radiation in cloudy and non-cloudy regions.

With merdional overturning the upwelling is in a polar region (which is already cold).

«For those not in the know» La Nina is the direct consequence of the return of trade winds to their normal strength after a Nino so that renewed surface wind stress plus the Coriolis effect generate upwelling of cool water along the equatorial region: go read it up in any decent, old - fashioned text - book on physical oceanography published after about 1970....

Scientists thought strong upwelling of colder deep waters spared the region from the warming seen in other parts of the Pacific, she says.

In the Pacific Southern Hemisphere this region of upwelling occurs along the coast of South America - the Humboldt Current.

Stronger downward transport of water mass must be balanced by upwelling somewhere else, and this occurs in regions of divergence (Ekman suction)- along the equatorward travelling arms of the gyres, and along the equator itself.

The tropical oceans take up vast amounts of energy through air - sea heat fluxes, especially in the equatorial regions dominated by wind - driven upwelling of cold water.

This will involve species different from those involved in food chains in the temperate regions where natural upwelling brings up the nutrients.

Decreases in both upwelling and formation of deep water and increased stratification of the upper ocean will reduce the input of essential nutrients into the sunlit regions of oceans and reduce productivity (Cox et al., 2000; Loukos et al., 2003; Lehodey et al., 2003; Sarmiento et al., 2004a).

They explain the lesser warming in the East Pacific Ocean, near South America, as being due to the fact this region is kept cool by upwelling, rising of deeper colder water to shallower depths.

Since phytoplankton form the base of marine food webs, the world's most productive fisheries are located in areas of coastal upwelling that bring cold nutrient rich waters to the surface (especially in the eastern boundary regions of the subtropical gyres); about half the world's total fish catch comes from upwelling zones.

Two modes of ocean circulation are considered: a thermohaline overturning cell, essentially vertical, which involves global scale upwelling into the surface followed by sinking in deep water formation regions; and an approximately horizontal cell which connects the abyss directly with deeply convecting waters in deep water formation regions.