Sentences with phrase «urban biases»

Can you explain, or refer me to, how the data is adjusted for urban biases?

He admits that many factors such as urban bias have not been addressed, but station location has.

He claims he can show urban biases and exposure biases.

So the IPCC argues that yes, areas of high industrial and socioeconomic development do show more warming, but that is not because of urban biases on measurement but because of «atmospheric circulation changes» that happen to warm these same urban areas.

Secondly, since the ocean warming is shown to be consistent with the land surface changes, this helps validate the surface temperature record, which is then unlikely to be purely an artifact of urban biases etc..

Another demonstration that the corrections are sufficient is that over the continental US, where many cities have a clear urban heating signal, the mean of the corrected data is actually rather flat (p88)-- i.e. none of the strong urban biases in the US has made it into the regional or indeed global mean.

I don't see why the large - scale systematic urban bias issue isn't best addressed by an estimate in the style of McKittrick — looking for residual correlation between regional economic activity and regional temperature anomaly — even for those who object to the specific implementation in that paper.

The author's points on non-linearity and time delays are actually more relevant to the discussion in other presentations when I talked about whether the climate models that show high future sensitivities to CO2 are consistent with past history, particularly if warming in the surface temperature record is exaggerated by urban biases.

I won't get into this today, but for all the quality issues that have been identified in US measurements (particularly upwards urban biases) these problems are much greater in the rest of the world.

This is a very good job.The study is interesting to the readers, and will be useful for further understanding and selecting reference climate stations for evaluating the potential urban bias in the surface air temperature data in some regions of the continents.

Gauge temperature measurements are probably reading a bit high, due to a number of effects including urban biases

The 2005 Jan - Sep land data (which is adjusted for urban biases) is higher than the previously warmest year (0.76 °C compared to the 1998 anomaly of 0.75 °C for the same months, and a 0.71 °C anomaly for the whole year), while the land - ocean temperature index (which includes sea surface temperature data) is trailing slightly behind (0.58 °C compared to 0.60 °C Jan - Sep, 0.56 °C for the whole of 1998).

Reported decreases in solar radiation at the Earth's surface from 1970 to 1990 have an urban bias and have reversed in sign.

Their analysis of 13 federal, state, and local improvement efforts in rural schools suggests that a longstanding «urban bias» in education policymaking has resulted in programs that do not take the variety and special characteristics of rural communities into account — and thus are less effective than they could be.

Reported decreases in solar radiation at the Earth's surface from 1970 to 1990 have an urban bias.