In a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), researchers from Innsbruck, Austria, present the world's first chemical fingerprint of
urban emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Not exact matches
If similar results are found in other
urban areas, then unknown
urban sources could account for 7 to 15 per cent of humans» global
emissions of the gas, the researchers calculate — far more than was thought (Geophysical Research Letters, DOI: 10.1029 / 2009gl039825).
If other megacities do too,
urban methane
emissions may represent an important
source of this potent greenhouse gas.
Urban air quality continues to be a primary health concern as most of the world's population currently lives in urban areas (54 % in 2014), and percentage is projected to rise to 66 % by 2050; this is coupled with the fact that one of the main global sources of air pollution in cities is traffic emiss
Urban air quality continues to be a primary health concern as most of the world's population currently lives in
urban areas (54 % in 2014), and percentage is projected to rise to 66 % by 2050; this is coupled with the fact that one of the main global sources of air pollution in cities is traffic emiss
urban areas (54 % in 2014), and percentage is projected to rise to 66 % by 2050; this is coupled with the fact that one of the main global
sources of air pollution in cities is traffic
emissions.
According to transport exports,
urban centers represent both the greatest potential
source of transport
emissions and the greatest opportunity to mitigate them.
The study found that natural gas end use
sources — like gas meters, furnaces, boilers and hot water heaters — as well as landfills, are responsible for a large portion of
urban methane
emissions.
Finally, heavily populated
urban areas represent a third
source, which includes
emissions from human breath and pet waste.
(C)
Urban, agriculture, and ocean OSC
emission sources (same conditions as B plus DMS from ocean).
(A) Only
urban OSC
emission sources including DMS
emissions from humans and DMS, DMDS, and MTO from pet waste.
(B)
Urban and agriculture OSC
emission sources (same conditions as A plus DMS and DMDS
emissions from Chino, California).
Urban emissions alone produce a peak maximum DMS concentration of only 0.1 % of that seen from oceanic
sources.
Sections 243.1 - 243.4 of Article 243 of the Code, specifically: rate of the tax due on
emissions of certain pollutants into the atmospheric air, caused by stationary
sources of pollution; rates of the tax due on stationary
sources»
emissions into the atmospheric air of pollutants (compounds), which are not listed in Section 243.1 of this Article and are falling within a certain substance hazard category (except for carbon dioxide), shall be applicable subject to determined approximately safe impact levels of such substances» (compounds») impact on the atmospheric air of
urban settlements; and rates of tax due on
emissions of carbon dioxide
One more reason to discount the blame CO2 first dogma put forth by warmist climate science»... «In our study [Beaulieua et al.], most streams were
sources of N2O to the atmosphere and the highest
emission rates were observed in streams draining
urban basins... his estimate of stream and river N2O
emissions is three times greater than estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.»
Urban pollution concentrations depend on the magnitude of local
emissions sources and the prevailing meteorological ventilation of the area — i.e., the height of the atmospheric layer through which the pollutants are being mixed and the average wind speed through that layer.
The
emissions in
urban areas are found to improve across all pollutants and regions as the
emission sources shift from million of tailpipes to a small number of large power plants in less - populated areas.
In the analysis, Dr. Hansen and his colleagues culled data and scientific papers on topics from rice production, which releases methane, to
urban pollution, a
source of ozone and sooty particles, to obtain detailed estimates of the rate of change in different greenhouse
emissions.
Examples of actions with co-benefits include (i) improved energy efficiency and cleaner energy
sources, leading to reduced
emissions of health - damaging climate - altering air pollutants; (ii) reduced energy and water consumption in
urban areas through greening cities and recycling water; (iii) sustainable agriculture and forestry; and (iv) protection of ecosystems for carbon storage and other ecosystem services.»
Fuelwood is not a suitable energy
source in all locations, such as densely - populated
urban areas, because its air
emissions tend to be higher than other options, and the air is already burdened with pollution from industry and transportation.