Unlike hydroxyapatite, the scaffolds made from sea
urchin spines could be cut and drilled to a specified shape and size.
«Sea
urchin spines could fix bones.»
Using a hydrothermal reaction, the researchers converted sea
urchin spines to biodegradable magnesium - substituted tricalcium phosphate scaffolds while maintaining the spines» original interconnected, porous structure.
To help improve the outcomes of these surgeries, scientists have developed a new grafting material from sea
urchin spines.
See
urchin spines and mussel shells are made of calcite, because large quantities of calcium are available in water.
«Nature's blueprint for fracture - resistant cement: Based on the nanostructure of the sea
urchin spines, scientists develop fracture - resistant cement.»
The sea
urchin spines are mostly made of calcite, usually a very brittle and fragile material.
To understand why the long - spined urchins have not returned to the reef more than 30 years later, Scripps scientists Katie Cramer and Dick Norris analyzed the amount of fossilized
urchin spines that accumulated in reef sediment layers over the past 3,000 years to paint a picture of life on the reef before it was altered from the disease outbreak and human activities such as fishing and pollution.
A thin section of sea
urchin spine reveals this structural principle: crystalline blocks in an orderly structure are surrounded by a softer amorphous area.
Not exact matches
When the compressed material was introduced into laboratory tanks, the
spines of sea
urchins and the shells of mollusks dissolved.
The first sea - floor lab to test the effects of CO2 (top) on deep - sea animals didn't kill these caged eelpouts and an octopus, but sea
urchins died and their
spines dissolved (bottom, before and after
More extraordinary is how
urchins go about regenerating
spines that have broken off.
Sea
urchins use
spines for protection from predators and for locomotion.
Sea
urchins have seemingly countless
spines each made from a single calcite crystal.
Unlike typical crystal structures like shells, which incorporate thousands of smaller, geometrically symmetrical crystals attached to each other, each
spine on a sea
urchin is a single large calcite crystal with its own convoluted shape.
Sea
urchins may not have brains, but they've managed to outsmart the scientists studying them by growing their sharp
spines in ways that seem to defy the laws of nature.
Urchin bodies are mobile pincushions in purples and pinks to browns and blacks, bristling with a mix of spiky
spines and soft, stretchy tube feet.
In the meantime, marine divers are now collecting those miniature fish that they already knew about but never figured were worth anything: shrimp gobies (with their commensal shrimp), crabs that live in the
spines of sea
urchins, fish that live in the body cavity of sea cucumbers and jawfish and garden eels that live in the substrate.
The
urchin moves slowly through the Thalassia by moving its
spines to let it «walk».
Due to the intact connectivity of the extensive seagrass beds, desnse mangrove forests, and robust coral reefs, the remoteness of the area, and the history of protection from coastal development, the Gardens of the Queen represents a «baseline» for a nearly pristine Caribbean marine ecosystem; an ecosystem that includes healthy populations of apex predators like sharks and groupers, important grazers like Rainbow parrotfish and long -
spine sea
urchins, and recovering endangered species like elkhorn coral and hawksbill sea turtles.