The urinary calcium oxalate RSS of dogs fed on 100 % dry diet in this study was categorised as oversaturated (defined as calcium oxalate RSS > 12), which is associated with a high risk of spontaneous stone formation and growth of any existing stones (Buckley et al. 2010).
«In the past we have also shown that in mice, certain regulatory mechanisms protect against
urinary calcium oxalate stone formation, and that these mechanisms may be mediated by anti-inflammatory Type 2 macrophages (M2s).
Not exact matches
Urolithiasis
Calcium oxalate stones, the most common type of kidney stone, have a microbiome that differs from the
urinary microbiome leading researchers to question whether the stone's own bacterial makeup could help to predict recurrence of future kidney stones.
This latest study aimed to identify
urinary M2 macrophage - associated markers, by performing multiplex urinalysis in individuals prone to developing
calcium oxalate kidney stones.
When combined with high levels of
urinary calcium, there is an increased risk of
calcium oxalate kidney stone formation.»
However, an increase of the risk of
calcium phosphate stone formation was observed in patients with multiepisodic CaOx - urolithiasis» however they conclude that bicarbonate water can be recommended for helping
calcium oxalate and uric acid
urinary stones.
A study published in the British Journal of Nutrition found that when women drank 1/2 to 1 liter of grapefruit, apple or orange juice daily, their
urinary pH value and citric acid excretion increased, significantly dropping their risk of forming
calcium oxalate stones.
The most common cause of obstruction is a urethral plug, which consists of mineral crystals (e.g., struvite,
calcium oxalate), white blood cells, red blood cells, protein (mucus), and epithelial cells.5 The underlying cause of urethral plugs is unknown; however, plugs have been linked to struvite crystalluria — suggesting that diet may play a role — and idiopathic cystitis.6 Other causes of urethral obstruction include urethral edema and spasm associated with lower
urinary tract inflammation and pain.7 Uroliths, neoplasms, and urethral strictures can also lead to urethral obstruction; however, they are reported less frequently than other causes.5
It is formulated to aid in the nutritional management of canine lower
urinary tract disease due to
calcium oxalate and struvite urolithiasis.
Feline
Urinary SO Olfactory Attraction is a highly digestible, palatable, complete and balanced adult cat food formulated to aid in the nutritional management of
calcium oxalate and struvite urolithiasis.
Common crystals that can be associated with
urinary tract disease are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate, triple phosphate)- associated with FUS and
oxalate (
Calcium oxalate mono or dihydrate).
Royal Canin
Urinary SO Index ® promotes a urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and calcium oxalate c
Urinary SO Index ® promotes a
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and calcium oxalate c
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and
calcium oxalate crystals
Prevention centers on creating a
urinary environment with minimal
calcium and minimal
oxalate as well as creating a urine pH that is not conducive to
calcium oxalate formation.
The study:
Calcium oxalate (CaOx)
urinary stones are a common and painful health problem for dogs.
Uroliths: These are crystals (
calcium oxalate, struvite) that form in the
urinary tract and black the flow of urine.
Further, the magnesium,
calcium,
oxalate, and phosphorous are restricted as they have been linked to
urinary tract problems in the cat.
Potassium citrate helps decrease the possibility of
calcium oxalate stone formation and cranberry extract has been shown to enhance
urinary tract health.
ROYAL CANIN Veterinary Diet ® Gastrointestinal ™ High Energy utilizes RSS technology to support a
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and
calcium oxalate crystal formation.
It's also enriched with nutrients to support the skin's natural barrier and digestive flora, and as part of the
Urinary S / O Index, it promotes a urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and calcium oxalate cr
Urinary S / O Index, it promotes a
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and calcium oxalate cr
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and
calcium oxalate crystals.
S / O ® INDEX Promotes a
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and
calcium oxalate crystals.
Prevention centers on creating a
urinary environment with minimal
calcium and minimal
oxalate as well as creating a urine pH that is not conducive to forming
calcium oxalate.
It is important to not supplement the cat's diet with
urinary acidifiers unless it is actually needed because a too acidic pH can cause a different kind of stone to form (
calcium oxalate stones).
Excessive
calcium supplementation is associated with the development of canine hip dysplasia and may increase the risk of
calcium oxalate stone development in the
urinary tract.
Many of our GASTROINTESTINAL ™ formulas feature the S / O INDEX ®, meaning they are formulated to promote a
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and
calcium oxalate crystals and stones.
Dry format: Dissolve pure struvite uroliths Helps prevent the formation of struvite uroliths Helps minimize the risk of formation of
calcium oxalate Helps minimize the risk of formation of brushite uroliths ROYAL CANIN Veterinary Diet ™ feline
URINARY SO Dry Chicken meal, rice, corn gluten meal, ground corn, chicken fat, natural flavors, cellulose powder, sodium chloride, dried brewers yeast, dried egg powder, potassium chloride,
calcium sulfate, monosodium phosphate, choline chloride,
calcium carbonate, taurine, DL - methionine, vitamins [DL - alpha - tocopherol (source of vitamin E), niacin, biotin, riboflavin (vitamin B2), D -
calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6), thiamine mononitrate (vitamin B1), vitamin B12 supplement, vitamin A acetate, vitamin D3 supplement, folic acid], trace minerals [zinc oxide, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, sodium selenite,
calcium iodate], preserved with natural mixed tocopherols, rosemary extract, and citric acid.
Promotes a
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of struvite and
calcium oxalate crystals
St / Ox Defense: This diet promotes a
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and
calcium oxalate crystals
K - CIT - V Plus Cranberry Potassium Citrate Granules helps maintain normal
urinary function in cases where
calcium oxalate stones are an issue.
Calcium Oxalate Urinary Stones and Hyperlipidemia Addison's Disease Atypical Seizures / Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Border Collie Collapse Idiopathic Epilepsy Immune - Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) Pulmonary Fibrosis Whippet Exercise Induced Hyperthermia
Because of the increased
calcium excretion brought on by furosemide (i.e. an increase in
urinary calcium levels), there could be a problem using this medication in patients with a history of
calcium oxalate bladder stone formation.
Urinary Tract Health Formulated to increase the urine volume and help in the management of both struvite and
calcium oxalate crystals through the use of Relative Supersaturation (RSS) methodology.
Unfortunately, in trying to «fix» a cat's unnatural alkaline
urinary pH — caused by human greed in the first place — pet food manufacturers created even more problems by adding
urinary acidifiers in the form of dl methionine, etc., which led to the formation of
calcium oxalate (CaO) crystals / stones in many cats.
There are many types of feline
urinary tract crystals, but the two most common are struvite and
calcium oxalate.
I have taking her to the vet many times right now she's scooting and it's really bothering her it's not her anal glands because they're clean cuz I do them myself, so I think it's a
urinary tract infection the only thing is she just got off antibiotics for almost a month and it's still acting up she does have
calcium oxalate crystals and has had two operations in the past so I'm just so frustrated and do not know what to do please help me and give me some advice.
Wet and dry cat food that promotes
urinary health can help dissolve pure struvite uroliths, and help prevent struvite,
calcium oxalate and phosphate uroliths.
S / O ® INDEX This diet promotes a
urinary environment unfavorable to the development of both struvite and
calcium oxalate crystals.
Luckily, the relapse rate for cats that develop
calcium oxalate urinary tract stones is considerably lower than it is for dogs.
After 1 month on the treatment diet, intakes of moisture, sodium and fat were increased, and potassium and
calcium intakes were decreased, and
urinary calcium and
oxalate concentrations and
calcium oxalate RSS were decreased (Stevenson et al. 2004).
I believe that the dramatic increase in the rate of
calcium oxalate urinary stones is likely only one of them.
Supplements containing vitamin C, excessive vitamin D or excessive amounts of
calcium should probably not be given to cats that have a tendency to form
calcium oxalate urinary tract stones.
Changes in proportion of canine
urinary calculi composed of
calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001.
Urinary oxalate increased, although inconsistently, with dietary oxalic acid only when the dietary
calcium content was low (Stevenson et al. 2003a).
You can purchase many diets from your veterinarian that were designed, theoretically, to reduce the likelihood of
calcium oxalate urinary tract stones.
This study assessed the impact on
calcium oxalate RSS of feeding different proportions of wet and dry diets to small dogs in order to identify the proportion of wet format required within the daily ration to elicit a significant
urinary tract health benefit (Buckley et al. 2010).
Urinary concentrations of both
calcium and
oxalate may be influenced by dietary intakes.
Dietary
calcium is relatively more important than dietary
oxalate in influencing the risk of
calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs The main risk factors for
calcium oxalate urolithiasis are
urinary supersaturation with
calcium and
oxalate.
Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is an important cause of
urinary tract disease in dogs that has grown in importance over the last few decades.
The most common types of
urinary stones in dogs are the struvite and
calcium oxalate.
One has struvite and one has
calcium oxalate urinary issues.
In this respect, Royal Canin reports that
urinary dilution has been shown as an effective way of limiting formation of both struvite and
calcium oxalate.