Sentences with phrase «use beams of electrons»

An electron microscope, which uses a beam of electrons as a light source, recorded the raw data that was then analyzed to create 3 - D reconstructions of the structures.

«We added the yttrium oxide to the diamond with a technique known as electron beam evaporation, which involves using a beam of electrons to transform molecules of yttrium oxide from the solid state to the gaseous state so that they can be made to cover a surface and solidify on it.»

They then used a beam of electrons to turn them back into neutral molecules, each of which split into energetic fragments.

Klie and his colleagues devised a way to take temperature measurements of TMDs at the atomic level using scanning transition electron microscopy, which uses a beam of electrons transmitted through a specimen to form an image.

The cell was then fit into a microscope that uses a beam of electrons, rather than light, to obtain images.

Not exact matches

These machines use lasers — or, in some cases, high - power electron beams — to draw shapes in a layer of metal powder by melting the material.

The new method uses a scanning transmission electron microscope to bombard a film with a beam of high - energy particles.

«3D «nanobridges» formed using electron beam writing with tiny jets of liquid precursor.»

Other metal printers exist, but most use a process of laying down powered metal and melting it with a laser or electron beam.

Previously, researchers have used either electron beam lithography or, more recently, the tiny styluslike arm of an atomic force microscope (AFM) to create nanometer - sized features on a surface.

Then the researchers used an electron beam to carve away two squares of ice, exposing the tops of some nanotubes, and deposited a layer of palladium on top of this ice mask.

BEAMS of electrons can pick up and move tiny objects, just like optical tweezers that manipulate items using light.

The second visualization was a movie captured at 23,000 - times magnification that revealed the movements of a group of nanoparticles reacting to an electron beam, which mimics the effects of the infrared radiation used in cancer therapies.

By using this high - power laser, it is now possible to generate all of the high - energy quantum beams (electrons, ions, gamma ray, neutron, positron).

So Banhart used a kind of substitute soldercreated on the spotto link two crossed nanotubes: he focused a narrow beam of electrons from a scanning electron microscope at the point where the tubes met, thereby converting contaminants on their surfaces into bridges made from graphite - like carbon that can conduct electricity.

The researchers used the electron beam of the microscope to transform the defect between different arrangements, which resulted in a migration of the structure from one image to the next.

Like the existing facility, LCLS - II will use electrons accelerated to nearly the speed of light to generate beams of extremely bright X-ray laser light.

By engravings using electron beam lithography, the waveguides of several micrometers in length are provided with finest cavities of a few nanometers in size.

Pulickel Ajayan and Sumio Iijima of NEC's Fundamental Research Laboratories in Tsukuba put some nanotubes in a vacuum chamber and deposited lead particles on them using a technique called electron beam evaporation.

To make their determination, researchers used a combination of analytical techniques, including atom probe tomography, transmission electron microscopy and electron beam induced current.

So far, scientists have used powerful laser beams to attain an acceleration of 200 billion electron volts per meter, a new record.

They used a scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam to obtain thin - slice images of the membrane, which they analyzed with software, rebuilding the three - dimensional structure of the membranes to determine fuel cell longevity.

They have also discovered that the electron beam can be simultaneously tuned to stimulate specific chemical reactions by using it as a source of energy as well as an imaging tool.

By using as sources supersonic jets of hydrogen or helium containing small concentrations of heavier molecules we have been able to obtain molecular beams with kinetic energies of the heavy molecules well into the range above I electron volt.

Scientists have succeeded in «filming» inter-molecular chemical reactions — using the electron beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) as a stop - frame imaging tool.

ORNL's bioreactor features elegance through a permeable nanoporous membrane and serpentine design fabricated using a combination of electron beam and photolithography and advanced material deposition processes.

«We examined the samples with electron microscopy using thin layers cut out of the composite with ion beams,» explains Tobias Kraus, Division Head for Structure Formation at INM.

Dwight Duston, director of science and technology at the Pentagon's Star Wars office, says the free - electron laser, once trumpeted as a weapon for destroying incoming enemy missiles, could be used to produce a beam of high - quality X-rays that would reduce a woman's exposure to radiation during mammography.

DARPA is looking at more efficient technologies, like fiber lasers and liquid lasers, which could lead to smaller, more compact devices, while the Navy is researching a Free Electron Laser, an experimental technology that uses high - speed electrons to generate an extremely powerful focused beam of radiation.

We also enter international collaborations, including one with the University of Wuppertal in Germany, looking into the possibility of using million electron volt (MeV) proton beams to detect and diagnose deeply buried active regions in semiconductor devices.

Two types of electric rockets are currently in use: the ion thruster, which generates thrust using a beam of positive xenon ions, and the Hall thruster, which uses xenon ions and electrons for propulsion.

The researchers shined a very powerful X-ray beam — using a particle accelerator at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory — onto the surface of the material then monitored the electrons as they were knocked out of the interior.

SuperB would use the massive magnets from the idle PEP - II collider at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park, California; would cost about $ 450 million; would smash particles at a slightly higher rate; and would used a spin - polarized electron beam, says David Hitlin, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena who works on the project.

The superconducting accelerator takes an electron beam and gives it a shot of energy using microwaves.

By using electron and positron beams instead of heavier protons, the ILC will allow physicists to probe particle properties with much greater precision than they can at the LHC.

Rather than the light used in a traditional microscope, this technique uses focused beams of electrons to illuminate a sample and form images with atomic resolution.

Unlike conventional lasers, which use mirrors to amplify the light they create, free - electron lasers rely on a high - quality electron beam and an array of magnets.

Using a submicron X-ray beam and transmission electron microscopy, they were able to spatially resolve the local structure of the three main regions of human hair: medulla, cortex and cuticle.

To break this limit in crystal size, an extremely bright X-ray beam was needed, which was obtained using a so - called free - electron laser (FEL), in which a beam of high - speed electrons is guided through a magnetic undulator causing them to emit laser - like X-ray pulses.

This strategy makes use of the intense electric fields associated with pulsed, high - energy laser beams to accelerate electrons and protons to «relativistic» velocities (i.e. speeds approaching that of light).

«Electron lenses use the attractive force of negatively charged electrons to compensate for this repulsive tendency and thereby allow more protons to be packed into the beams.»

Now, scientists from the research group of Nir Bar - Gill at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Racah Institute of Physics and Department of Applied Physics, in cooperation with Prof. Eyal Buks of the Technion — Israel Institute of Technology, have shown that ultra-high densities of NV centers can be obtained by a simple process of using electron beams to kick carbon atoms out of the lattice.

Essentially, they use an electron gun to introduce a low - energy electron beam into a short stretch of the RHIC accelerator.

So far, Davidson has experimented with small arrays of gold nano - spirals on a glass substrate made using scanning electron - beam lithography.

Jihua Chen and Tran characterized soft matter phases using transmission electron microscopy, placing a thin slice of material in the path of an electron beam to reveal structure through contrast differences in the lignin and rubber phases.

With much shorter wavelengths than photons of visible light, electron beams can be used to observe objects hundreds of times smaller than those that can be resolved with an optical microscope.

Single - grain major and minor element compositions were measured using electron microprobe wavelength dispersive spectrometry at the University of Oxford Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, using a Jeol JXA8600 electron microprobe, in wavelength dispersive mode, with 15 - keV accelerating voltage, 6 - nA beam current, and 10 - μm defocused beam.

Pillai said the FDA already has approved the use of electron beam technology as a pathogen intervention strategy to control the naturally occurring Vibrio vulnificus bacterial pathogen in shellfish.

«We used intense beams of X-rays, electrons and infrared light to study the chemical reactions taking place in the diamond cell.»

To identify the location of each element with atomic precision, the researchers used a method in which the electron beam of one of the world's leading ultrahigh - resolution electron microscopes is finely focused, sent through the specimen and, by interactions with the specimen, loses part of its energy.