Sentences with phrase «use bucket measurements»

So I can personally attest that US ships didn't use bucket measurements at during my time during the 70s and 80s.

Not exact matches

In particular, data gathered by ships recruited by Japan and the Netherlands (not shown) are biased in a way that suggests that these nations were still using uninsulated buckets to obtain SST measurements as late as the 1960s.

The biggest transitions in measurements occurred at the beginning of WWII between 1939 and 1941 when the sources of data switched from European fleets to almost exclusively US fleets (and who tended to use engine inlet temperatures rather than canvas buckets).

The largest pervasive systematic errors identified — around 0.5 K — come from measurements made using canvas buckets.

Failure to use ARGO data to «correct» lesser instruments including ship engine intake temperature and bucket measurements makes Karl 2015 into an obvious attempt to deceive the public in my view.

Also interesting to me is that the equation they used to model cooling, slide 9, included nothing of the diffusion distance from the point of measurement to the surface or to the bucket walls.

Let me see if I understand this: In 1970, 90 % of all measurements were still conducted using the «bucket» method that was in use before 1940.

Given that biases in buckets measurements depend on the air - sea temperature difference any more detailed corrections would involve using both MAT and SST together.

Early measurements were taken using a canvas bucket trailed in the water, or later a better insulated wooden or rubber bucket.

For example the fact that every ship was using buckets to make measurements.

They assert that 30 % of the ships shown in existing metadata as measuring SST by buckets actually used engine inlet and proceed to reallocate the measurements on this assumption:

Were 100 % of measurements used taken by the British using buckets until some specific day, and the next day 100 % were taken by Americans using engine inlets?

The change in country of origin in August 1945 is important for two reasons: first, in August 1945 US ships relied mainly on engine room intake measurements whereas UK ships used primarily uninsulated bucket measurements, and second, engine room intake measurements are generally biased warm relative to uninsulated bucket measurements.

As a result, Folland et al introduced an abrupt adjustment of 0.3 deg C to all SST measurements prior to 1941 (with the amount of the adjustment attenuated in the 19th century because of a hypothesized use of wooden rather than canvas buckets.)

But whereas US crews had measured the temperature of the intake water used for cooling the ships» engines, British crews collected water in buckets from the sea for their measurements.