Sentences with phrase «use electron pulses»

Not exact matches

As each flash is intense enough to completely ionise a neon atom and release an electron, the researchers could use those electrons like a flashgun, to illuminate some of the original 2.5 femtosecond trigger pulses of laser light.

However, getting strong pulses of x-rays is much harder than for low energy light, and required using the most modern sources, x-ray free electron lasers.

The trick is to use a high - powered laser pulse to create waves in a plasma, which electrons can ride like surfers.

Intense extreme ultraviolet FEL pulses were directed at the clusters and the resultant energy distribution of electrons knocked out of the clusters was measured using a «velocity map imaging spectrometer».

The machine developed by the Brookhaven team uses a laser pulse to give electrons in a sample material a «kick» of energy.

The high voltage is delivered only in very short bursts, using just enough energy to accelerate the tiny electrons without heating up the heavy gas particles pulses; thus, plasma is generated.

The new type of accelerator, known as a laser - plasma accelerator, uses pulses of laser light that blast through a soup of charged particles known as a plasma; the resulting plasma motion, which resemble waves in water, accelerates electrons riding atop the waves to high speeds.

«If we want to use light to control the properties of electrons in a material, then we need to know exactly how the electrons will react to light pulses,» Ivanov explains.

To date, microwave technology has been used to control electron pulses.

Using this technique, the team was able to reduce the length of the electron pulses significantly.

Using tunneling ionization and ultrashort laser pulses, scientists have been able to observe the structure of a molecule and the changes that take place within billionths of a billionth of a second when it is excited by an electron impact.

The winner, Stony Brook University assistant professor of chemistry Thomas Allison, took home the prize for his proposal to use high - energy laser pulses to record «movies» of electrons moving through molecules.

«Electrons used to control ultrashort laser pulses.»

The researchers observed this effect by using particle detectors to monitor the flight paths of electrons emitted from the near - fields of the nanospheres within the passage of the laser pulse.

Given that an atom's chemical properties depend upon the behaviour of its outermost electrons, says Stroud, the laser pulse technique could possibly be used to control chemical reactions.

Starting with an ensemble of spin - down nuclei, the researchers used a specially tuned radio - frequency pulse to make a sort of logic gate: if the electron's spin is down, the nucleus remains unaffected; if the electron's spin is up, the nuclear spin is flipped up as well.

The scientists used the free - electron laser LCLS at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in the U.S., and employed optics to focus each X-ray pulse to a similar size as one of the virus particles.

To break this limit in crystal size, an extremely bright X-ray beam was needed, which was obtained using a so - called free - electron laser (FEL), in which a beam of high - speed electrons is guided through a magnetic undulator causing them to emit laser - like X-ray pulses.

Instead of splitting electrons using slits in a screen, Noel and Stroud fired laser pulses at atoms of potassium.

Researchers use a similar trick to study atomic electrons — by pinging atoms with exceedingly short light pulses, they can watch electrons» quantum states evolve in unprecedented detail.

This strategy makes use of the intense electric fields associated with pulsed, high - energy laser beams to accelerate electrons and protons to «relativistic» velocities (i.e. speeds approaching that of light).

Among other achievements, his group has used the response of electrons to measure the electric field of a laser's ultrashort pulses and display the waveform, much like displaying a radio - frequency wave on an oscilloscope.

By using what is known as an ion microscope to detect these ions, the scientists were able, for the first time, to observe the interaction of two photons confined in an attosecond pulse with electrons in the inner orbital shells of an atom.

Using ultrafast laser pulses that speed up the data recording process, Caltech researchers adopted a novel technique, ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC), to visualize directly in four dimensions the changing atomic configurations of the materials undergoing the phase changes.

Late last year two groups published papers in Science showing how intense laser pulses could be used to liberate electrons not only from the highest molecular orbital but also from the next orbital below.

A second point was the finding that textures can be written with much lower beam intensity using tightly focused electron pulses.

Pulsar pulses can also be used to probe the interstellar medium (ISM) as things like density of charged electrons and turbulence of the medium can be determined from the interstellar medium's effect on pulsar pulses.

These opportunities include the use of short - pulsed X-ray sources for extracting time - dependent structural information from proteins; and the revolutionary new possibilities created by X-ray Free Electron Lasers, which combine ultrafast X-ray pulses with high brilliance focussing capabilities to create an entirely new regime of pre-damage time - resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on unprecedented time - scales.