The Bush administration's plan to
use fuel reprocessing as the spark to revive nuclear power will not succeed.
Not exact matches
The issue concerns what to do with radioactive waste after uranium and plutonium have been recovered from spent nuclear
fuel using reprocessing methods such as Plutonium Uranium Redox EXtraction (PUREX).
To
reprocess them, the
used fuel is first dissolved in acid and the plutonium and uranium separated.
This allows the spent
fuel to be
reprocessed in a radically different manner from that
used in France.
We understand that their first fast reactors will
use oxide or carbide
fuel rather than metal — a less than optimum path, chosen presumably because the PUREX
reprocessing technology is mature, whereas pyroprocessing has not yet been commercially demonstrated.
Meanwhile, Japan has struggled to bring its Rokkasho
reprocessing plant online, even with the help of Areva, and currently relies on France and the U.K. to recycle its
used uranium
fuel rods.
It remains to be seen if China's effort will fare any better, although a pilot plant has been
reprocessing limited amounts of
used nuclear
fuel since 2006 in Gansu.
And Areva, which handles
used nuclear
fuel recycling for France, is in discussions to help with China's own plans in that regard, including the possibility of building a
reprocessing plant in the Gobi Desert in Gansu Province.
Therefore, either
reprocessing or recycling spent nuclear
fuel, as the French and Japanese do, is likely to be a waste of money better spent on improving the light - water reactors presently in
use.
From 12 August, British Nuclear
Fuels is allowed to test the performance of its thermal oxide
reprocessing plant at Sellafield
using uranium and uranium compounds «derived from natural or depleted uranium».
In these countries,
used fuel is recycled to recover uranium and plutonium (produced during irradiation in reactors) and
reprocess it into new
fuel.
Its five reactors, which
used to produce plutonium for bombs, have now been closed down, but Mayak still
reprocesses spent
fuel from civilian reactors.
«For example,» said Clark, «
Used fuel, which is currently disposed of in the United States after a single
use in a reactor in what is called an open
fuel cycle, would be
reprocessed to extract out a significant fraction of re-useable uranium.
It could also make
use of other materials the UK Government wishes to disposition including
reprocessed uranium and unused
fuel from past nuclear reactor programs.
The contract - which includes a one - year base period and four one - year option periods - provides continuing technical assistance and research support to NRC activities related to storage, transportation, possible
reprocessing and ultimate geological disposal of
used nuclear
fuel and high - level radioactive wastes.
The PRISM reactor would
use recycled nuclear
fuel from a
reprocessing facility known as the Advanced Recycling Center (ARC).
We
used to
reprocess spent
fuel rods until 1/2 ton of enriched uranium somehow wound up in Israel.
But the uranium number also depends on
use of breeder reactors and
fuel reprocessing to make
use of the full energy content of the U-238, as well as the initial U-235 that supplies energy the first time through.
U.S.
reprocessing would undermine the U.S. goal of halting the spread of
fuel cycle technologies that are permitted under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but can be
used to make nuclear weapons materials.
Reprocessing and the
use of plutonium as reactor
fuel are also far more expensive than
using uranium
fuel and disposing of the spent
fuel directly.
As for the breakdown of electricity rates, more detailed information needs to be disclosed, such as (1) «wheeling charges» (cost of transmitting electricity); (2) the cost of generated electricity equivalent to the amount of expenses shared to cover the
reprocessing of spent nuclear
fuel, etc. (included in the wheeling charges; legislation requires all electricity users to pay a share of this cost); and (3) the amount of a «promotion of power - resources development tax,» which is
used to subsidize local governments hosting nuclear power plants.
France and Japan, on the other hand, routinely extract and
reprocess plutonium for reuse as reactor
fuel, but the dual -
use potential of this process has led Holdren and his coauthors to recommend a «once - through
fuel cycle» in which the spent
fuel is not
reprocessed, but instead goes directly into a storage repository.
Ramp up
fuel supply — take back waste — store for a relatively short time and then
reprocess for much more efficient 4th gen plants
using a range of materials including thorium and plutonium.
Some of the French Speaking Canadians should persuade France to build a few CANDU 600 reactors, and this would allow the French to
use free nuclear
fuel from its
reprocessing plants.
Using Eye - Movement Desensitization &
Reprocessing (EMDR), we can identify and desensitize the many triggers that get you thinking and
fueling an addictive cycle.