Sentences with phrase «use of a comparison group»

Limitations include the lack of randomization of participants and the limited use of a comparison group.

It is important to note that the approach that we are describing here for outcome - based continuous program improvement does not strive to achieve a high level of scientific rigor that would involve the use of comparison groups or other strategies to determine whether the mental health services and consultation «caused» specific outcomes.

Not exact matches

Running speed was reduced for both groups of phone users in comparison to non-users, while subjects who used their phones for solely music performed at a higher speed and intensity than any of the other groups.

Once again, we tap into Zillow Group's wealth of data and use a data set that includes mortgage affordability, rental affordability, and price - to - income ratios for the five most populous US cities with comparison to the national median.

Comparisons between intervention and control groups were tested with the use of ANCOVA regression models.

This analysis is facilitated by presenting comparisons on a per - unit of energy basis, and the use of a common five food group's database designed from the AHS — Australian Dietary Guidelines database.

This rate is similar to the National Birth Center Study and to the low - risk hospital births used as a comparison group in the same study of 1.3 / 1,000 (0.7 / 1,000 excluding anomalies).

In comparison, the Lincoln Park Tennis Club pays an annual rental fee of $ 40,000 for the use of park land for 10 clay courts, 4 of which are available for public use, the group said.

The relative benefits and risks of birth in different settings have been widely debated in recent years.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A problem when trying to evaluate the effect of birth setting on perinatal outcomes has been the use of actual place of birth rather than planned place of birth to define comparison groups.

Thus, I strongly support the critical statement «human milk is the recommended source of nutrition for infants» in the FDA's proposed guidance, and urge a guidance revision that any breast milk comparison claims (e.g., «closer than ever to breast milk») made by formula companies must also be substantiated by studies that use a control group of exclusively breast - fed infants.

The studies often use a standard of «intent to treat» where they even don't monitor what the comparison group is doing.

Research demonstrates that NFP and PAT also have negative effects, such as program families having fewer appropriate play materials in the home than the comparison group families, using harsher discipline techniques and being less accepting of the child's behaviour.

The efficacy of centrally produced ready - to - use therapeutic food (RUTF - C) or locally prepared RUTF (RUTF - L) for home - based management of uncomplicated SAM was compared with micronutrient - enriched, energy - dense home - prepared foods (A-HPF, the comparison group).

Clients in the home birth group were more likely to report the use of tobacco during pregnancy than the midwife comparison group and were more likely to report the use of illicit drugs during pregnancy than the physician comparison group.

We assessed the pairwise comparisons between the different study groups in their rates of breastfeeding using modified Cox regression analysis15 to provide the adjusted relative risks and 95 % confidence intervals.

Use of reliable contraception is also lower among this group of women when compared with a nondrug - using comparison population (83).

Thus by interviewing addicts they were picking a group of people who's very disposition for both addiction and violation of the law made them likely to use marijuana and comparing them to a group of people who were not prone to addiction, it was not a fair comparison.

«We can use a group of children who do not play video games as a control group, in order to make a comparison.

Using a novel gravity - underreporting model, the researchers carried out a comprehensive analysis and comparison of over 370,000 records of wildlife trade between 2004 and 2013 across three groups — mammals, avian and reptiles.

A comparison group of 210 siblings without cancer also responded to the survey and were used as a control for the study.

The control group used for comparison included patients aged 15 to 35 who underwent ACL reconstruction between October 2012 and October 2014, and were cleared to return to sports by «usual clinical judgment» prior to the development of the checklist.

Each agency has slightly different methods of processing the data and different baseline periods they use for comparison, as do other groups around the world that monitor global temperatures, leading to slightly different year - to - year numbers.

A collaborative group including the CRI Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium (CIC), the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy (CIMT) Immunoguiding Program (CIP), and scientists at Stanford University launch the Minimal Information About T cell Assays (MIATA) Project, the first systematic effort to establish a framework for reporting immune monitoring data from T cell assays used in clinical trials, with the goal of fostering reliability of data to facilitate meaningful interpretation, comparison, and meta - analysis across clinical trials.

Comparisons of two groups were performed using Student's t tests (two - tailed).

For 2 - group comparisons, a 2 × 2 Yates corrected χ2 test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of group differences of percentages of unscored applications and percentages of funded applications.

He said, «I plan to extend these efforts by using the network structure of groups to investigate the costs and benefits of group living, with a view to making broader comparisons among non-human primate and human groups.»

t - test was used to compute probabilities for comparisons of mean age and mean body mass index between study groups.

Several studies have confirmed that a dose of 5 grams of creatine taken every day for 12 weeks straight, both pre and after workout has led to a drastic increase in muscle tissue in comparison to the second group of subjects which took creatine only in the morning and in the evening, without using it relatively close to the time before starting training or after finishing.

After a month of use, mothers» milk volume increased 33 percent compared to a 15 percent drop in two comparison groups, one of which was taking fenugreek.

Stress resistance has not been assessed however and so the biological relevance of this finding is currently unknown.32 Several IER trials (75 - 85 % ER on restricted days) in overweight / obese populations have reported reductions in various markers of oxidative stress 37, 41, which in one study was accompanied by a complementary increase in the anti-oxidant uric acid.37 In a direct comparison of IER (75 % ER for two days / week) and CER, both ER strategies displayed equal efficacy in reducing levels of fast - acting advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) after six months, which displayed a tendency to occur earlier (i.e. at three months) in the IER group.41 Levels of slow - acting (i.e. long term) AOPP tended to decrease in the IER group and increase in the CER group which the authors proposed may have resulted from IER - induced activation of autophagy, a key homeostatic cellular process in which dysfunctional or unnecessary cellular proteins are degraded and recycled.41 On the other hand, a follow - up study using similar IER / CER protocols demonstrated comparable reductions in AOPP in both groups after three months.48 Summary and Future Research Directions

In the end, patients who used orlistat lost 12.8 pounds of weight in comparison to 6.6 pounds of the placebo group participants.

Clinical Benefit of EDTA - based Chelation Therapy and High - dose Oral Multivitamins and Multiminerals in TACT - An Expanded Comparison of 2 Factorial Groups (Lamas, et al.) Background: Chelation therapy, in combination with high dose oral multivitamins and multiminerals (MV), has been used to treat atherosclerotic disease.

By comparison, heart disease progressed in 50 percent of the control group that did not use pomegranate juice.

YouTube editor Pitching Room put together this comparison that uses the opening monologue by Gary King (Pegg) to show how, while he may be describing an ill - fated night in 1990, he is in fact presaging what will come to pass when the group of friends returns to its old stomping grounds.

A reanalysis of the data used in the UCLA report found much smaller differences between charter and traditional public schools once more appropriate comparisons were made between the two groups of schools.

Moreover, using Greene's methodology of narrowing the comparison to the highest performing schools in the failing group and the lowest - performing in the next group, we still find that failing schools improved more.

Teachers who use PBL — and who also have taken part in extended professional development — report more teaching and assessment of 21st - century skills, compared with a closely matched comparison group.

«Using an Experimental Evaluation of Charter Schools to Test Whether Nonexperimental Comparison Group Methods Can Replicate Experimental Impact Estimates.»

In comparison, only three per cent of the control group not using the app improved by more than one year in reading age.

A 14 page PDF document of the same images grouped into sets of 4 that can be used for bingo, matching or comparison type games.

Instead of funding a national network of 10 regional education labs, suppose those funds were made available on a competitive basis to individual state agencies willing to help districts track the impacts of their own efforts, to identify matched comparison groups for their initiatives (using other students and schools in a state) and to generate reports on impacts.

Johanson et al. (2001) used comparison groups of mathematics and science students to look at student attitudes towards these subject areas; Shanahan et al. (2006) compared results on state tests in mathematics of students of teacher leaders with average student scores at the district and state levels.

• Value - added results, which have recently been touted as a better way to use standardized test scores, are actually no more accurate than year - to - year comparisons of different groups of students.

As a pre-teaching activity prior to a whole group discussion about the British Stamp Act and a comparison of the loyalist and patriot perspective, the teacher provides students with potential sentence frames and models using them.

PRODUCT PERKS Explore numbers, patterns, measurement, grouping, and more with this set of colorful tiles Tiles can supplement lessons in counting, addition, subraction, grouping, pattern matching, and more Four vibrant colors (red, blue, yellow, and green) Soft, durable, and quiet foam material WHAT TO TEACH Sorting - Sort the Color Tiles into unique groups Patterns - Create patterns using Color Tiles One More and One Less - Comparing numbers 1 through 10 Number Sense - Exploring the numbers 0 through 10 Make Ten - Increasing number sense by investigating the combination of Color Tiles needed to make a train of 10 tiles Addition - Developing the concept of addition Measuring - Take common objects for size comparison and estimate which object is longer Fractions - Introduce fractions Probability - Investigate probability Logical Thinking - Exploring problem solving and spatial reasoning RESOURCES Learning About... Color Tiles INCLUDES 400 Foam Color Tiles 1 Storage container

This likely occurred because she did not «grow» her students as much the second year as compared to her comparison group of peers, although any system that can be used to rate the same teacher «effective» one year and «ineffective» the next should raise eyebrows, naturally.

Norm - referenced tests are developed by creating the test items and then administering the test to a group of students that will be used as the basis of comparison.

Create a Database: A database is created and used to make comparisons of all results, such as scale scores, percentiles, percentages at or above achievement levels, and comparisons between groups and between years for a group.

For instance, if there is a set of classrooms that are using some new piece of educational software, we should be able to go out and find other classrooms that have very similar students, that have students with similar prior achievement, similar demographics and so forth, and then just track them over time and just automatically report the differences in outcomes for the students receiving the software and then the comparison group of students that aren't.

According to the new research out of Mathematica, a statistical research group, the comparisons sometimes used to judge school performance are more indicative of demographic change than actual learning.