What, to get down to cases, does it teach us about the proportionate and discriminate
use of armed force in the pursuit of the peace of order, justice, and freedom?
As one whose professional career has focused on the development and restraints on the initiation of war and the conduct of war, and one who, moreover, holds the deepest moral justification for
use of armed force in the service of justice, I clearly belong among the constituency supporting war crimes proceedings.
Not exact matches
A Sandhurst graduate and second lieutenant
in the Jordanian
Armed Forces, he shares his adventurous lifestyle with an Instagram following
of 1.3 million — and also
uses the platform to promote his initiatives to support and engage the youth
in Jordan.
This agreement will strengthen co-operation between the Canadian
Armed Forces and the Japanese Self - Defense
Forces and will allow both countries to make efficient
use of each other's military equipment during operations and exercises
in Canada, Japan, and other locations.
The 2nd Amendment guaranteed individual citizens the rights to own
arms JUST AS GOOD as those
of the regular soldiers they might have to oppose
in an
armed rebellion — the very sort
of armed rebellion that the writers
of the 2nd Amendment had recently successfully engaged
in, defeating the most powerful military
force on the planet
using their own guns, which were JUST AS GOOD as what the British regulars and their Hessian mercenaries had.
Recovery
of that which has been wrongly taken and punishment
of evildoing are not explicitly named as justifications for the
use of armed force by states
in international law, but arguably they have been subsumed into the concept
of self - defense: the former being recast as defense against an
armed attack still
in progress, as
in the recovery
of Kuwait from Iraq
in 1991, the latter being recast as the right
of retaliation.
Bellum
in medieval usage referred to any
use of armed force by a sovereign ruler, whether this
force was applied internally to that ruler's society or externally.
The third challenge is to examine closely and weigh carefully the question
of right intention
in any
use of armed force.
In the debates over humanitarian intervention in the 1990s some moralists made a distinction between «war,» which they understood as having to do with state uses of armed force for their own interests, and intervention by military force for humanitarian purposes, which they regarded as altruistic and not «war.&raqu
In the debates over humanitarian intervention
in the 1990s some moralists made a distinction between «war,» which they understood as having to do with state uses of armed force for their own interests, and intervention by military force for humanitarian purposes, which they regarded as altruistic and not «war.&raqu
in the 1990s some moralists made a distinction between «war,» which they understood as having to do with state
uses of armed force for their own interests, and intervention by military
force for humanitarian purposes, which they regarded as altruistic and not «war.»
First, his formulation reflects and summarizes the debates
of the previous century and a quarter,
in which canonists and theologians collected, thought through, and systematically organized earlier normative Christian thought on the
use of armed force.
After reducing the just causes for resort to
force to one, self - defense (§ 2308), the Catechism further limits this
in § 2309 by four prudential conditions, all
of which it says must be satisfied: «the damage inflicted by the aggressor on the nation or the community
of nations must be lasting, grave, and certain; all other means
of putting an end to it must have been shown to be impractical or ineffective [last resort]; there must be serious prospects
of success; the
use of arms must not produce evils and disorders graver than the evil to be eliminated.
Consider again the case
of the United States Catholic bishops, this time
in their official opposition to the
use of armed force to eject Iraq from Kuwait after Saddam Hussein's army had aggressively annexed that country
in 1990.
But though Article 2
of the Charter sought to outlaw any
use of armed force between or among states except
in defense against aggression, it did not clearly define what counted as aggression — a matter that remains unsettled, as the recent debate over what counts as legitimate preemption testifies.
How any
of this constitutes an advance
in moral reasoning or moral sensibility over the classic just war understanding» that the
use of armed force can be noble or wicked, just or unjust, depending on who is
using it, toward what ends, and how» is unclear to me.
We the peoples
of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge
of war, which twice
in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind... to ensure... that
armed force shall not be
used, save
in the common interest have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.
Consistent with the Hoover Report's recommendations that the United States had to reconsider «long - standing American concepts
of fair play» and «learn to subvert, sabotage and destroy our enemies,» the shadow government built alliances between U.S. government officials, the Mafia, and international drug cartels; assassinated many thousands
of civilians
in Southeast Asia; carried out or attempted assassination
of foreign leaders; trained death squads and secret police
forces; worked to shore up unpopular dictators like the Shah
of Iran and the Somoza dictatorship
in prerevolutionary Nicaragua; worked to destabilize «unfriendly» governments such as Allende
in Chile and the Sandinistas
in Nicaragua; cooperated with the Colombian drug cartel to plot the assassination
of the former U.S. ambassador to Costa Rica, Lewis Tambs, with the intention
of justifying a U.S. invasion
of Nicaragua by blaming his death on the Sandinistas; contracted with the Reagan administration and the National Security Council to find ways
of circumventing a congressional ban prohibiting aid to the contras, including the trading
of arms to Iran
in exchange for hostages and money for the contras; illegally shipped weapons from the United States to the contras and allowed returning planes to
use the same protected flight paths to transport drugs into the United States; 11 targeted the U.S. people for disinformation campaigns; and helped prepare contingency plans for declaring a form
of martial law
in the United States that would have formally suspended constitutional freedoms.
The purpose
of our
Armed Forces is not about building churches and stomping around according to their manipulative and subversive machinations behind the scenes
using simple mind - control techniques against our own military's usage
of mind - control
in training.
They did not prioritize defense against
armed attack, and certainly did not define just cause
in terms
of such self - defense, reflecting Augustine's conception
of just war [as one
in which] a Christian might justifiably
use force to protect an innocent neighbor against harm.
«Whilst we recognise the need to ensure the safety
of the
armed forces and civilians
in conflict, it is very disappointing to see the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory report a rise
in the number
of animals it is
using in scientific procedures year on year since 2009,» Kailah Eglington, Chief Executive
of the Dr Hadwen Trust, told politics.co.uk.
The Parties agree that an
armed attack against one or more
of them
in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an
armed attack occurs, each
of them,
in exercise
of the right
of individual or collective self - defence recognised by Article 51
of the Charter
of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and
in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the
use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security
of the North Atlantic area.
Article 5 The Parties agree that an
armed attack against one or more
of them
in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an
armed attack occurs, each
of them,
in exercise
of the right
of individual or collective self - defence recognised by Article 51
of the Charter
of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and
in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the
use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security
of the North Atlantic area.
In her work she focuses on the strategic implications
of the increasing
use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or «drones «-RRB- by Western
armed forces.
That this House notes that ISIL poses a direct threat to the United Kingdom; welcomes United Nations Security Council Resolution 2249 which determines that ISIL constitutes an «unprecedented threat to international peace and security» and calls on states to take «all necessary measures» to prevent terrorist acts by ISIL and to «eradicate the safe haven they have established over significant parts
of Iraq and Syria»; further notes the clear legal basis to defend the UK and our allies
in accordance with the UN Charter; notes that military action against ISIL is only one component
of a broader strategy to bring peace and stability to Syria; welcomes the renewed impetus behind the Vienna talks on a ceasefire and political settlement; welcomes the Government's continuing commitment to providing humanitarian support to Syrian refugees; underlines the importance
of planning for post-conflict stabilisation and reconstruction
in Syria; welcomes the Government's continued determination to cut ISIL's sources
of finance, fighters and weapons; notes the requests from France, the US and regional allies for UK military assistance; acknowledges the importance
of seeking to avoid civilian casualties,
using the UK's particular capabilities; notes the Government will not deploy UK troops
in ground combat operations; welcomes the Government's commitment to provide quarterly progress reports to the House; and accordingly supports Her Majesty's Government
in taking military action, specifically airstrikes, exclusively against ISIL
in Syria; and offers its wholehearted support to Her Majesty's
Armed Forces.
Any hypothetical military engagement where a nuclear
armed country were to be
in danger
of being completely overrun would change the calculation on whether they would be willing to
use nuclear weapons, but Russia probably would not, for example,
use their nuclear weapons as a deterrent against attacks against their conventional troops
in Ukraine, even if they were
in danger
of being
forced out
of Ukraine completely because the retaliation would cost much more to them than what they would be losing.
«We strongly belief that President Buhari, must be seen to be acting contrary to court decisions on the
use of Military during elections as clearly stated
in the rulings
of Justice Aikawa
of the Federal High Court, who
in his judgment, restrained the President and Commander -
in - Chief
of the
Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and INEC from engaging the service of the Nigerian armed forces in the security supervision of elections in any manner whatsoever in any part of Nigeria, without the Act of the National Asse
Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and INEC from engaging the service of the Nigerian armed forces in the security supervision of elections in any manner whatsoever in any part of Nigeria, without the Act of the National Ass
Forces of the Federal Republic
of Nigeria and INEC from engaging the service
of the Nigerian
armed forces in the security supervision of elections in any manner whatsoever in any part of Nigeria, without the Act of the National Asse
armed forces in the security supervision of elections in any manner whatsoever in any part of Nigeria, without the Act of the National Ass
forces in the security supervision
of elections
in any manner whatsoever
in any part
of Nigeria, without the Act
of the National Assembly.
Third, the Bolivarian
Forces of Liberation (FBL), a left - wing
armed group primarily functioning
in the Venezuelan states
of Apure, Barinas and Zulia might intensify the
use of violence (for more information on the various types
of violent non-state actors present
in the Colombian - Venezuelan borderlands see my recent article
in Perspectives on Terrorism).
The junior officers were members
of an underground political group within the Ghana
Armed Forces called the Free Africa Movement (FAM) that they formed
in October 1970 with the objective
of seizing power
in Ghana 1984 and
using the country as the nucleus
of a military - led push for the unification
of the African continent under a single federal government.
Militarism is the belief or the desire
of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability to
use it aggressively to expand or promote national interests; examples
of militarist states include the United States, Russia and France.1 It may also imply the glorification
of the military and
of the ideals
of a professional military class and the «predominance
of the
armed forces in the administration or policy
of the state «2 (see also: stratocracy and military junta).
A defense
force established under this section may be
used within the jurisdiction concerned, as its chief executive (or commanding general
in the case
of the District
of Columbia) considers necessary, but it may not be called, ordered, or drafted into the
armed forces.
«That this house notes that ISIL poses a direct threat to the United Kingdom; welcomes United Nations Security Council Resolution 2249 which determines that ISIL constitutes an «unprecedented threat to international peace and security» and calls on states to take «all necessary measures» to prevent terrorist acts by ISIL and to «eradicate the safe haven they have established over significant parts
of Iraq and Syria»; further notes the clear legal basis to defend the UK and our allies
in accordance with the UN Charter; notes that military action against ISIL is only one component
of a broader strategy to bring peace and stability to Syria; welcomes the renewed impetus behind the Vienna talks on a ceasefire and political settlement; welcomes the Government's continuing commitment to providing humanitarian support to Syrian refugees; underlines the importance
of planning for post-conflict stabilisation and reconstruction
in Syria; welcomes the Government's continued determination to cut ISIL's sources
of finance, fighters, and weapons; notes the requests from France, the US and regional allies for UK military assistance; acknowledges the importance
of seeking to avoid civilian causalities;
using the UK's particular capabilities; notes the Government's will not deploy UK troops
in ground combat operations; welcomes the Government's commitment to provide quarterly progress reports to the House; and accordingly supports Her Majesty's Government
in taking military action, specifically airstrikes, exclusively against ISIL
in Syria; and offers its wholehearted support to Her Majesty's
Armed Forces.»
This statement may appear cautionary and sincere
in the atmosphere
of discourse, it is however derogatory to the Army
used in the expression and by extension to the
Armed Forces of Nigeria.
He also gave them a cash gift
of three million naira (N3, 000,000), for them to
use in celebrating this year's
armed forces rememberance day.
The officers, who arrived Uyo
in a Hiace bus with a Lagos registration number EY 527 KJA, were reportedly detailed to arrest the Governor's aide over allegation that he owns a caravan where he stores ammunition and uniforms
of various
armed forces which he intends to
use during the rerun election
in Akwa Ibom.
Separate regulations restricting the
use of certain flags, such as those linked to HM
Armed Forces, will stay
in place.
A cavalryman could brace himself
in the saddle and, with a lance positioned under his
arm,
use the tremendous
force of the charging horse to strike a stunned enemy.
Many service members fear the stigmatization that therapy may bring
in the culture
of the
armed forces — this site has the potential to help those people with its perfect
use of the impersonal yet intimate nature
of the Internet.
In addition, the researchers noticed that patients avoided using their affected arm particularly in the directions in which they exhibited a greater amount of variability, or «noise,» when generating forc
In addition, the researchers noticed that patients avoided
using their affected
arm particularly
in the directions in which they exhibited a greater amount of variability, or «noise,» when generating forc
in the directions
in which they exhibited a greater amount of variability, or «noise,» when generating forc
in which they exhibited a greater amount
of variability, or «noise,» when generating
force.
Estimates
of data like temperature and wind velocity also had to be
used in some border areas, which were under control
of FARC (the Revolutionary
Armed Forces of Colombia) and were not easily accessible for measurements, he adds.
The U.S. Army, which supported the study, could
use this type
of information to better develop strong, cooperative teams
in the field, Melamed said, adding that the
armed forces could also
use the science to seek ways to undermine enemy
forces.
Dogged investigation by a non-profit online media organization
in Texas has revealed that between 2003 and 2007, the state quietly gave hundreds
of newborn blood samples to a U.S.
Armed Forces laboratory for
use in a forensics database.
The technology is akin to a more advanced version
of constraint - induced therapy
in which clinicians physically tie down a patient's good
arm, which
forces the patient to
use the injured side.
With Nexstim's non-invasive device, researchers are
using electromagnetism to slow activity
in portions
of the healthy brain hemisphere that control the uninjured
arm, similarly
forcing the brain to
use its injured half.
«The English version
of the anthology will be
used actively
in the international effort to increase the share
of women
in the
Armed Forces worldwide.
Many people mistakenly try to
use their
arms to pull the bar up when,
in reality, the legs provide the majority
of the
force.
Until relatively recently, fitness testing
in the
armed forces could be described as cap - badge specific meaning that some branches
of the military would
use one set
of tests and other branches would
use another irrespective
of their actual operational duties.
It can be
used as a representation
of another person — this is perfect for anyone involved
in contact sports and those
in the
armed forces, police, firefighters and many more occupations.
Joint moments measured
using isometric dynamometry are often very different
in one part
of the joint range
of motion (ROM) to another (Worrell et al. 2001), which is most likely because
of alterations
in both muscle
force at different muscle lengths (the length - tension relationship) and because
of changes
in the moment
arm length (Baltzopoulos & Brodie, 1989).
This is why the majority
of singles that are serving
in the United States
armed forces use Militarysingles.com to find a partner to date, for a relationship and even marriage.
The
armed forces of many nations have, at one time or another,
used foreign volunteers who are motivated by political, ideological or other considerations Almost 60 per cent
of recorded people sleeping rough
in London are foreign nationals, a new government report shows.
When DEA task
force leader Breacher Wharton (Schwarzenegger) storms a heavily
armed cartel safe house, rogue members
of his team
use it as a cover to steal $ 10 million
in cash.